Experimental modelling of tectonics–erosion–sedimentation interactions in compressional, extensional, and strike–slip settings

Graveleau, Fabien; Strak, Vincent; Dominguez, Stéphane; Malavieille, Jacques; Chatton, M.; Manighetti, Isabelle; Petit, Carole

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.011

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…This second material is designed to simulate the deformation of upper crustal rocks, surface erosion, sediment transport and deposition (Graveleau et al. ; Strak et al. ; Viaplana‐Muzas et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is particularly well suited to model the evolution of accretionary wedges or deformed piedmonts (Graveleau et al. ). In association with the lower material, it can be used to simulate the evolution of a larger range (Guerit et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material of the upper layer is made up of 37% in weight of glass beads, 24% of silica powder, 19% of PVC and 20% of water, and has higher cohesion and coefficient of internal friction (750˙50 Pa and 1.1˙0.1, respectively). This second material is designed to simulate the deformation of upper crustal rocks, surface erosion, sediment transport and deposition (Graveleau et al, 2011(Graveleau et al, , 2015Strak et al, 2011;Viaplana-Muzas et al, 2015). The properties of the upper layer allow simulating fluvial features such as drainage basins, fluvial network, terraces and alluvial fans.…”

Section: Experimental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape ‘stress’ and reorganization from χ‐maps: Insights from experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting

Guérit

Goren

Dominguez

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Several recent studies have suggested that maps of flow length normalized for drainage area called chi (χ) could reveal landscapes in a transient state, which are prone to reorganizations of basin geometry, flow line topology and water divide locations. However, the potentially long timescales associated with the evolution of basin geometry make the capability of χ to predict such reorganization challenging to test in natural settings. Here, we investigate the evolution of experimental drainage networks developed on a wedge coupled to a piedmont and growing in oblique convergence. We use this experimental setting to investigate the relationships between χ maps, the imposed tectonic deformation and the drainage network evolution. As deposition can occur within channels or in the piedmont, our experimental streams deviate from purely bedrock channels for which the χ metric has been initially developed. Yet we show that the large‐scale χ pattern of the experimental drainage network is consistent with the imposed deformation field, as ∼2/3 of the observed χ gradients across water divide are oriented in the expected direction with respect to the imposed deformation. This suggests that χ maps can be used to infer the horizontal component of regional deformation in large‐scale natural mountainous fluvial landscapes. In addition, we observe that when a divide affected by a χ gradient migrates, the orientation of the gradient correctly anticipates the sense of landscape reorganization for ∼2/3 of these divides. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Landscape ‘stress’ and reorganization from χ‐maps: Insights from experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting

Guérit

Goren

Dominguez

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Although rigorous mechanical and temporal scaling is not straightforward for these types of experiments, dynamics, kinematics and geometrics similarity criteria between models and nature are respected at first order, as well as the similarity in the erosion law. Then, morphodynamic analogue models are suitable to study geological processes that operate during hundreds of thousands to tens of millions of years, and at the scale of an alluvial fan up to a mountain range (Babault et al, 2005;Bonnet, 2009;Bonnet & Crave, 2006;Graveleau, Hurtrez, Dominguez, & Malavieille, 2011;Graveleau et al, 2015;Guerit, Dominguez, Malavieille, & Castelltort, 2016;Lague, Crave, & Davy, 2003;Malverti, Lajeunesse, & Métivier, 2008;Niemann & Hasbargen, 2005;Paola, Straub, Mohrig, & Reinhardt, 2009;Peakall, Ashworth, & Best, 1996;Schumm, Mosley, & Weaver, 1987;Strak, Dominguez, Petit, Meyer, & Loget, 2011;Viaplana-Muzas et al, 2015). In our experiments the length ratio L* between models and nature ranges from 10 −5 to 10 −4 , 1 cm in the model is equivalent to hundreds of metres in nature, (Viaplana-Muzas et al, 2015).…”

Section: Limitations Of the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments run in a sandbox-type 3D experimental device (0.8 × 2.4 m) which allows the study of the interactions between tectonics, erosion and sedimentation in accretionary prisms subjected to rainfall (Graveleau & Dominguez, 2008;Graveleau, Malavieille, & Dominguez, 2012;Graveleau et al, 2015;Viaplana-Muzas et al, 2015). Deformation is induced by pulling a basal film beneath a static buttress (backstop), resulting in a wedge created by imbricate thrust sheets that emerge at the forefront (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of drainage dynamics influence on sediment routing system in a fold‐and‐thrust belt

et al. 2018

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Drainage networks link erosional landscapes and sedimentary basins in a source‐to‐sink system, controlling the spatial and temporal distribution of sediment flux at the outlets. Variations of accumulation rates in a sedimentary basin have been classically interpreted as changes in erosion rates driven by tectonics and/or climate. We studied the interactions between deformation, rainfall rate and the intrinsic dynamics of drainage basins in an experimental fold‐and‐thrust belt subjected to erosion and sedimentation under constant rainfall and shortening rates. The emergence of thrust sheets at the front of a prism may divert antecedent transverse channels (perpendicular to the structural grain) leading to the formation of longitudinal reaches, later uplifted and incorporated in the prism by the ongoing deformation. In the experiments, transverse incisions appear in the external slopes of the emerging thrust sheets. Headward erosion in these transverse channels results in divide migration and capture of the uplifted longitudinal channels located in the inner parts of the prism, leading to drainage network reorganization and modification of the sediment routing system. We show that the rate of drainage reorganization increases with the rainfall rate. It also increases in a nonlinear way with the rate of uplift. We explain this behaviour by an exponent > 1 on the slope variable in the framework of the stream power erosion model. Our results confirm the view that early longitudinal‐dominated networks are progressively replaced by transverse‐dominated rivers during mountain building. We show that drainage network dynamics modulate the distribution of sedimentary fluxes at the outlets of experimental wedges. We propose that under constant shortening and rainfall rates the drainage network reorganization can also modulate the composition and the spatial distribution of clastic fluxes in foreland basins.

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Pleistocene slip rates on the Boconó fault along the North Andean Block plate boundary, Venezuela

et al. 2017

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The Boconó fault is a strike‐slip fault lying between the North Andean Block and the South American plate which has triggered at least five Mw > 7 historical earthquakes in Venezuela. The North Andean Block is currently moving toward NNE with respect to a stable South American plate. This relative displacement at ~12 mm yr−1 in Venezuela (within the Maracaibo Block) was measured by geodesy, but until now the distribution and rates of Quaternary deformation have remained partially unclear. We used two alluvial fans offset by the Boconó fault (Yaracuy Valley) to quantify slip rates, by combining 10Be cosmogenic dating with measurements of tectonic displacements on high‐resolution satellite images (Pleiades). Based upon a fan dated at >79 ka and offset by 1350–1580 m and a second fan dated at 120–273 ka and offset by 1236–1500 m, we obtained two Pleistocene rates of 5.0–11.2 and <20.0 mm yr−1, consistent with the regional geodesy. This indicates that the Boconó fault in the Yaracuy Valley accommodates 40 to 100% of the deformation between the South American plate and the Maracaibo Block. As no aseismic deformation was shown by interferometric synthetic aperture radar analysis, we assume that the fault is locked since the 1812 event. This implies that there is a slip deficit in the Yaracuy Valley since the last earthquake ranging from ~1 to 4 m, corresponding to a Mw 7–7.6 earthquake. This magnitude is comparable to the 1812 earthquake and to other historical events along the Boconó fault.

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Experimental modelling of tectonics–erosion–sedimentation interactions in compressional, extensional, and strike–slip settings

Cited by 45 publications

References 116 publications

Landscape ‘stress’ and reorganization from χ‐maps: Insights from experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting

Landscape ‘stress’ and reorganization from χ‐maps: Insights from experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting

Modelling of drainage dynamics influence on sediment routing system in a fold‐and‐thrust belt

Pleistocene slip rates on the Boconó fault along the North Andean Block plate boundary, Venezuela

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