Experimental mechanical compaction of reconstituted shale and mudstone aggregates: Investigation of petrophysical and acoustic properties of SW Barents Sea cap rock sequences

Nooraiepour, Mohammad; Mondol, Nazmul Haque; Hellevang, Helge; Bjørlykke, Knut

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.12.003

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…The porosity-depth profile presented in Fig. 13 is consistent with argillaceous sediments data (Nooraiepour et al, 2017), thus indicating that the proposed hardening law (9) proves relevant as regards the modeling of clays behaviour: the initial porosity value of 65% decreases to 28.6% at 500 m depth, 20.5% at 1000 m and 13% at 2000 m. The porosity predicted at the bottom of the basin from the numerical simulation reaches 7.2%. The temperature distribution of the shale column is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Shale Modelsupporting

confidence: 79%

Overpressure development in sedimentary basins induced by chemo-mechanical compaction of sandstones

Brüch

Guy

Maghous

2019

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Mechanisms of overpressure build-up resulting from chemically-induced compaction are investigated by considering that intergranular pressure-solution, controlled by temperature and effective stresses, is the dominant process of chemical deformation in sandstones. The numerical simulations are performed using a thermo-poro-mechanical tool based on the finite element method specifically devised to deal with sedimentary basin modeling. At the material level, purely mechanical and chemo-mechanical deformations are respectively addressed by means of plastic and viscoplastic constitutive components. Porosity data of the Middle Jurassic Garn Formation from the Haltenbanken area of the Mid-Norwegian Continental Shelf are taken as reference for calibration of the sandstone model to be used on synthetic cases of a siliciclastic basin in oedometric conditions. Two situations are proposed involving different depositional sequences of sandy and shaly sediments with the aim to assess the permeability effect in the numerical model. The results have shown that early overpressure development in low permeability formations preserves sandstone porosities by reducing effective stresses and thus retarding pressure-solution compaction, whereas higher effective stresses associated with permeable depositional environments may lead to important chemo-mechanical deformation, resulting in low porosity sandstones and significant overpressure generation at later stages of basin history. An additional case is finally analyzed to investigate the consequences of pressure-solution inhibition due to diagenetic grain coating in a sandstone reservoir. The simulation resulted in porosity preservation and lower overpressure values, showing that a sedimentary basin submitted to an important level of chemo-mechanical compaction can present substantially higher overpressure distribution than basins where this phenomenon did not take place. The paper highlights the importance of integrating stresses, fluid pressure and temperature to represent the porous material evolution in order to describe the geological state of sedimentary basins.

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Section: Shale Modelsupporting

confidence: 79%

Overpressure development in sedimentary basins induced by chemo-mechanical compaction of sandstones

Brüch

Guy

Maghous

2019

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…The oedometer apparatus consists of a rigid load frame, a steel oedometric cell and three hydraulic pumps controlling total axial stress and pore pressures in the top and bottom of the sample. Two linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) measure vertical deformation, whereas horizontal deformation is prevented by the non-compliant oedometric cell (for more information about the oedometer setup used, see [46][47][48]). Consolidation in the oedometer is consequently one-dimensional, meaning that deformation can only occur in one direction.…”

Section: Oedometer Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Draupne Shale Relevant for CO2 Seal Integrity

2021

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The mechanical integrity of caprocks overlying injection formations is one of the key factors for safe storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations. Undrained effects caused by CO2 injection on strength and elastic parameters should be properly considered in the operational design to avoid fracture creation, fault reactivation and unwanted surface uplift. This study presents results from eleven undrained triaxial compression tests and one oedometer test on the Draupne shale, which is the main caprock of the Smeaheia site in the North Sea, to extract parameters relevant for seal integrity. Tests have been performed on samples oriented perpendicular to and parallel with the horizontal layering of the rock to study the effects of sample orientation relative to the loading direction. Results from undrained triaxial tests showed only minor effects of sample orientation on friction and cohesion. However, when loading during undrained shearing was parallel with layering (horizontal samples), measured Young’s modulus was roughly 1.4 times higher than for the vertical samples. Undrained shearing of vertical samples generated 30–50% more excess pore pressure than for horizontal samples with similar consolidation stress owing to more volume compaction of vertical samples. With apparent pre-consolidation stress determined from a high-stress oedometer test, the normalized undrained shear strength was found to correlate well with the overconsolidation ratio following the SHANSEP (Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties) procedure.

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“…The details of pulse transmission technique and velocity error analysis were presented in Nooraiepour et al (2017). While sampling interval for digitizing the ultrasonic waveform was the precision limiting factor (0.05 µs for axial and 0.02 µs for radial signals), the absolute error in acoustic measurements was estimated as 30 m/s for V pa , 10 m/s for V sa and 20 m/s for V pr (about 0.63%, 0.28% and 0.43% relative error, respectively).…”

Section: Ultrasonic Velocity and Electrical Resistivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of brine-CO₂ fracture flow on velocity and electrical resistivity of naturally fractured tight sandstones

et al. 2018

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Fracture networks inside geological CO 2 storage reservoirs can serve as primary fluid flow conduit, particularly in low-permeability formations. While some experiments focused on the geophysical properties of brine-and CO 2 -saturated rocks during matrix flow, geophysical monitoring of fracture flow when CO 2 displaces brine inside the fracture seems to be overlooked.We have conducted laboratory geophysical monitoring of fluid flow in a naturally fractured tight sandstone during brine and liquid CO 2 injection. For the experiment, the low-porosity, lowpermeability naturally fractured core sample from the Triassic De Geerdalen Formation was acquired from the Longyearbyen CO 2 storage pilot at Svalbard, Norway. Stress-dependence, hysteresis and the influence of fluid-rock interactions on fracture permeability were investigated.The results suggest that in addition to stress level and pore pressure, mobility and fluid type can affect fracture permeability during loading and unloading cycles. Moreover, the fluid-rock interaction may impact volumetric strain and consequently fracture permeability through swelling and dry out during water and CO 2 injection, respectively. Acoustic velocity and electrical resistivity were measured continuously in the axial direction and three radial levels.Geophysical monitoring of fracture flow revealed that the axial P-wave velocity and axial electrical resistivity are more sensitive to saturation change than the axial S-wave, radial P-wave, and radial resistivity measurements when CO 2 was displacing brine, and the matrix flow was negligible. The marginal decreases of acoustic velocity (maximum 1.6% for axial V p ) compared to 11% increase in axial electrical resistivity suggest that in the case of dominant fracture flow within the fractured tight reservoirs, the use of electrical resistivity methods have a clear advantage compared to seismic methods to monitor CO 2 plume. The knowledge learned from

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Experimental mechanical compaction of reconstituted shale and mudstone aggregates: Investigation of petrophysical and acoustic properties of SW Barents Sea cap rock sequences

Cited by 50 publications

References 223 publications

Overpressure development in sedimentary basins induced by chemo-mechanical compaction of sandstones

Overpressure development in sedimentary basins induced by chemo-mechanical compaction of sandstones

Laboratory Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Draupne Shale Relevant for CO2 Seal Integrity

Effect of brine-CO₂ fracture flow on velocity and electrical resistivity of naturally fractured tight sandstones

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Experimental mechanical compaction of reconstituted shale and mudstone aggregates: Investigation of petrophysical and acoustic properties of SW Barents Sea cap rock sequences

Cited by 50 publications

References 223 publications

Overpressure development in sedimentary basins induced by chemo-mechanical compaction of sandstones

Overpressure development in sedimentary basins induced by chemo-mechanical compaction of sandstones

Laboratory Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Draupne Shale Relevant for CO2 Seal Integrity

Effect of brine-CO2 fracture flow on velocity and electrical resistivity of naturally fractured tight sandstones

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Effect of brine-CO₂ fracture flow on velocity and electrical resistivity of naturally fractured tight sandstones