Experimental Measurement and Thermodynamic Model of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for the Ternary System of 1-Dodecanol–Phenol–Water

Abstract

1-Dodecanol with low solubility in water is a potential solvent to extract phenol from wastewater. The liquid–liquid equilibrium data of the ternary system (1-dodecanol–phenol–water) were measured at 298.15, 313.15, 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The experimental data were correlated by the nonrandom two liquids (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) models, and the corresponding binary parameters were obtained. The results show that the two models agree well with experimental values. Comparison of the average values of the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) from both models reveals that the NRTL model is more accurate than the UNIQUAC model. The effect of temperature on the extraction process is discussed, and temperature has little effect on extraction efficiency. The van’t Hoff equation is used to correlate the relationship of distribution coefficient to temperature. The enthalpy change of the extraction process was calculated, and the result shows that extraction of phenol from water by 1-dodecanol is an exothermic process.

Experimental and Correlated Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data for Ternary Systems (Water + Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers + Toluene) at T = 293.15 and 303.15 K and p = 101.3 kPa

“…As shown in Figure , the distribution coefficient for the ternary LLE equilibrium systems are not constant, which is consistent with the reported research. ,, The distribution coefficient at 303.15 K is higher than at 293.15 K, indicating that the extraction capacity of the extractant increases with increasing temperature. ,, As can be seen in Figure , the separation factors decreased with the increase of the mass fraction of PODE n in aqueous phase and hence as a result of the mass fraction of water in organic phase was also increased . Meanwhile, the separation factor of four studied systems decreased with the increasing temperature and the influence of temperature on the separation factor was slight. ,− As the ratio of feed (water + PODE n ) to toluene increases, the separation capacity of the solvent decreases.…”

Phase Equilibrium Data of Ternary Mixtures (Water + Orthophosphoric Acid + Chlorinated Methanes)

“…To discuss about the physical meaning of binary interaction parameters, ( b ij + b ji ) and (τ ij + τ ji ) were calculated and are inserted in Table . As can be seen from the table, all the values for ( b ij + b ji ) are positive and this means that the attraction energies between like molecules (water–water, OPA–OPA, solvent–solvent) are greater than the attraction energies between unlike molecules . The values (τ 12 + τ 21 ) for water and OPA are the smallest, and it turns out that the attraction energy between water and OPA is the largest.…”

“…As can be seen from the table, all the values for (b ij + b ji ) are positive and this means that the attraction energies between like molecules (water−water, OPA−OPA, solvent−solvent) are greater than the attraction energies between unlike molecules. 66 The values (τ 12 + τ 21 ) for water and OPA are the smallest, and it turns out that the attraction energy between water and OPA is the largest. This result is completely consistent with the experimental results.…”

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for 2-Methyl-2-butanol + Water + o-Xylene at Different Temperatures

“…But the process of separating the azeotrope of 2-methyl-2-butanol and water by salting out has the drawbacks of corrosion, blockage of the distillation column and reboiler, and high energy consumption for treatment of saline waste water. Liquid–liquid extraction has advantages such as large throughput, mild operation conditions, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. − Thus, the process of combination of solvent extraction and distillation was proposed…”