Experimental manipulations of the phenomenology of memory

Rubin, David C.; Burt, Christopher D. B.; Fifield, Sarah J.

doi:10.3758/bf03196442

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Greenberg and Rubin (2003) interpreted these findings by proposing that impairment of visual memory disrupts the entire retrieval process because AM retrieval depends upon the interconnection and activation of many separate systems (also see Rubin, 2007b). Consistent with these findings, Rubin, Burt, and Fifield (2003) showed that degrading visual input in healthy individuals during the encoding of staged laboratory events, by asking participants to wear blindfolds, impaired some phenomenological aspects of later memory recall.…”

Section: Vividnesssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…First, the reliving scale could be considered a better subjective measure of recollection in AM than remember/know because it does not require the assumption of a dual-process model (Wixted, 2007;Yonelinas, 2002). Second, reliving is a better predictor of recollection in AMs compared to the remember/know scale, which is a better predictor of confidence in AMs (Rubin, Burt, et al, 2003;Rubin, Schrauf, & Greenberg, 2004). In the SPO condition participants were asked to indicate the amount of understanding of the other person's perspective.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjective reports of vividness are one of the best predictors of subjective reports of recollection (Rubin, Burt, & Fifield, 2003;Rubin & Siegler, 2004), and for distinguishing real versus imagined events (Johnson, Foley, Suengas, & Raye, 1988).…”

Section: Vividnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Jacques¹

2012

Understanding Autobiographical Memory

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Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to memory for events from our own personal past. Functional neuroimaging studies of AM are important because they can investigate the neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory stimuli, including: complex constructive processes, subjective qualities of memory retrieval, and remote memory. Three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are presented to examine these important contributions of AM. The first study investigates the neural correlates of temporal-order memory for autobiographical events using a novel photo paradigm. Participants took photographs at many campus locations over a period of several hours, and the following day they were scanned while making temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from different locations. It was found that temporal-order decisions associated with recollection recruited left prefrontal (PFC) and left posterior parahippocampal cortex, whereas temporal-order decisions relying on familiarity recruited greater activity in the right PFC.The second study examines self-projection, the capacity to re-experience the personal past and to mentally infer another person's perspective. A novel camera technology was used to examine self-projection by prospectively generating dynamic visuospatial images taken from a first-person perspective. Participants were literally asked to self-project into the personal past or into the life of another person. Selfv projection of one's own past self recruited greater ventral medial PFC (mPFC), and selfprojection of another individual recruited dorsal mPFC. Activity in ventral vs. dorsal mPFC was also sensitive to the ability to relive or understand the perspective taken on each trial. Further, task-related functional connectivity analysis revealed that ventral mPFC contributed to the medial temporal lobe network linked to memory processes, whereas dorsal mPFC contributed to the frontoparietal network linked to controlled processes.The third study focuses on the neural correlates underlying age-related differences in the recall of episodically rich AMs. Age-related attenuation in the episodic richness of AM was linked to reductions in activity elicited during elaboration.Age effects on AM were more pronounced during elaboration than search, with older adults showing less sustained recruitment of the hippocampus and ventrolateral PFC for less episodically rich AMs. Further, there was an age-related reduction in the top-down modulation of the PFC on the hippocampus by episodic richness, possibly reflecting fewer controlled processes operating on the recovery of information in the hippocampus.Ultimately, the goal of all memory research is to understand how memory operates in the real-world; the present research highlights the important contribution of functional neuroimaging studies of AM in attaining this goal.vi

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Section: Vividnesssupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Jacques¹

2012

Understanding Autobiographical Memory

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“…These questions were taken from the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMQ), which was derived from various existing autobiographical and general memory theories and is sensitive to the conscious experience of remembering (Rubin, Burt, & Fifield, 2003;Rubin, Schrauf, & Greenberg, 2003;Sheen et al, 2001). This allows us to study not just global variations due to emotion, but also differential effects on specific properties of autobiographical memory.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience

2004

Self Cite

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College students generated autobiographical memories from distinct emotional categories that varied in valence (positive vs. negative) and intensity (high vs. low). They then rated various perceptual, cognitive, and emotional properties for each memory. The distribution of these emotional memories favored a vector model over a circumplex model. For memories of all specific emotions, intensity accounted for significantly more variance in autobiographical memory characteristics than did valence or age of the memory. In two additional experiments, we examined multiple memories of emotions of high intensity and positive or negative valence and of positive valence and high or low intensity. Intensity was a more consistent predictor of autobiographical memory properties than was valence or the age of the memory in these experiments as well. The general effects of emotion on autobiographical memory properties are due primarily to intensity differences in emotional experience, not to benefits or detriments associated with a specific valence.

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“…To check the correlational findings involving vividness of visual memory and recollection, we had people take part in two half-hour events (Rubin, Burt, & Fifield, 2003). In each event, half the participants were blindfolded and half were not.…”

Section: Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Basic-Systems Approach to Autobiographical Memory

Rubin

2005

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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236

142

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ABSTRACT-Memory for complex everyday events involving vision, hearing, smell, emotion, narrative, and language cannot be understood without considering the properties of the separate systems that process and store each of these forms of information. Using this premise as a starting point, my colleagues and I found that visual memory plays a central role in autobiographical memory: The strength of recollection of an event is predicted best by the vividness of its visual imagery, and a loss of visual memory causes a general amnesia. Examination of autobiographical memories in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggests that the lack of coherence often noted in memories of traumatic events is not due to a lack of coherence either of the memory itself or of the narrative that integrates the memory into the life story. Rather, making the traumatic memory central to the life story correlates positively with increased PTSD symptoms. The basic-systems approach has yielded insights into autobiographical memory's phenomenology, neuropsychology, clinical disorders, and neural basis.

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Experimental manipulations of the phenomenology of memory

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience

A Basic-Systems Approach to Autobiographical Memory

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