Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Ignition Enhancers in the Blends of Sapota Biodiesel/Diesel Blends on a CRDi Engine

Abstract

The enthusiasm for biofuels as feasible alternatives for use in diesel engines has significantly expanded on account of their spotless consuming nature in addition to fossil fuel independence. The present study utilizes two oxygenates, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and n-butanol (n-B), derived from non-food-based lignocellulosic biomass in a blended form with transesterified oil extracted from waste sapota seeds to power a modern one-cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDi) diesel engine for any improvement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics. Three test fuels, viz., B40%, B40% + DMC10%, and B40% + n-B10%, were prepared by splash blending, and the results were correlated with baseline diesel fuel. The experimental results indicate that accrual of oxygenates to sapota oil methyl ester has improved the combustion characteristics in comparison to diesel and B40% + n-B10%: the peak heat release rate (HRR) for B40% + DMC10% was 4.89 and 5.14% higher, respectively. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of an engine fueled with a B40% + DMC10% blend was better than that fueled with B40% + n-B10% but lower than that fueled with baseline diesel. The oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emission were higher side when the engine was fueled with both oxygenated blends compared to diesel: B40% + DMC10% exhibits 6 and 2% higher values than diesel and B40% + n-B10%, respectively, at peak load conditions. Smoke opacity experienced a sharp reduction when fueled with a B40% + n-B10% blend; there was about 11.76, 19.60, and 23.52% reduction when fueled with diesel, B40%, and B40% + DMC%, respectively. Carbon monoxide for B40% + DMC10% was the lowest compared to diesel, B40%, and B40% + n-B10%, and there were about 21.59, 86.85, and 34.74% reduction in emissions, respectively. Hydrocarbon emission for B40% + DMC10% was the lowest compared to diesel, B40%, and B40% + n-B10%, and there were about 8.62, 27.58, and 17.24% reduction in emissions. Reformulation of diesel with DMC, n-butanol, and sapota oil methyl ester renders a chance to decrease emissions and use renewable fuel in diesel engines.

Detailed study on the effect of different ignition enhancers in the binary blends of diesel/biodiesel as a possible substitute for unaltered compression ignition engine

“…Paul et al (2017) and Perumal and Ilangkumaran (2017) at different studies mentioned that the fuel with lower viscosity achieves better atomization which causes a homogeneous mixture of the fuel and reduces the internal friction between fuel molecules and quickly drives the small and large-chain hydrocarbons into smaller elements and makes fuel-bonded oxygen in the fuel to aggressively participate the combustion and lower BSFC. Similar inferences were observed in the different kinds of literature (Vellaiyan 2020b;Mahalingam 2018;Jayabal et al 2019;Ganesan 2019;Devarajan et al 2019a, b;Damodharan et al 2017) mentioning the small viscosity reduction can lower BSFC.…”

“…HRR for DTBP/1-Pentadecanol/KBD/diesel blends is lower than diesel. Lower CV and superior flash point lead to lower HRR (Jayabal et al 2019). HRR for KBD/D blends is least among fuels.…”

Study of Annona squamosa as alternative green power fuel in diesel engine

“…Diesel engines generate lower CO emission than petrol engines caused by lower fuel-air ratio [32]. CO variation of CBD, CBD25BC, diesel, and CBD50BC is shown in Fig.…”

Critical Review on Effects of Alcohols and Nanoadditives on Performance and Emission in Low-Temperature Combustion Engines: Advances and Perspectives

“…Numerous preparation procedures can be used to create a variety of droplet size distributions. Emulsions with a particle size range of 50–200 nm can be formed using high-energy emulsification techniques such as high-shear stirring, high-pressure homogenizers, ultrasound generators, or low-energy emulsification techniques (phase inversion temperature) − …”