Experimental investigation on extinguishing performance of a novel nanocomposite for gaseous fires

Ibrahim, Haidar; Patruni, Jagannadha Rao

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104143

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding was obtained, because only about 4 g MQAS was added. MQAS decomposition can produce melamine and a small amount of non‐flammable gases, such as, NH 3 and CO 2 31–33 . Refractory gases will dilute the combustible gases released during the degradation of the substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Cheng

Xuan

Tang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine quaternary ammonium salt (MQAS), a novel flame‐retardant intercalation modifier, was used to prepare the flame‐retardant organic montmorillonite (FOSM), and which was added to SBR by a two‐roll mixing and molding process to prepared the SBR/FOSM composites. The synergistic flame‐retardant effects of sodium‐based montmorillonite (MMT) and MQAS were investigated by the various methods. The LOI value of SBR was only 19.1%, and FOSM‐4 increased the LOI value of SBR to 24.3%. The cone calorimetry test showed that compared with SBR, the total heat release and the peak heat release rate of SBR/FOSM were reduced by 81.39% and 86.08%, respectively. The analysis of MMT after modification showed that the grafting rate of MQAS was about 10% and the interlayer spacing of MMT was enlarged by about 20%. The synergy of MQAS and MMT not only effectively solves the violent droplet of pure SBR combustion, but also avoids the curling problem of only adding MMT. The char morphology and TG‐FTIR showed that FOSM had dual flame‐retardancy in the condensed phase and the gas phase. The synergistic flame‐retardant effect of phosphorus‐free flame‐retardant modifier and MMT will open up new possibilities for flame‐retardant elastomer composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Cheng

Xuan

Tang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Based on the measurements, it can be concluded that the bigger the total energy effect is, the higher the share of magnesium hydroxide and the lower the sodium bicarbonate contents are. The energy effect of the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate is lower than that of magnesium hydroxide, therefore the extinguishing powder containing magnesium hydroxide may have better properties from the point of view of heat removal, considering the whole temperature range (0–900 °C) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its addition can prevent powder agglomeration without unnecessary treatments and allow the extinguishing powders to penetrate a flame more effectively. Thanks to this, it can decrease the characteristic temperatures at different stages of the fire and absorb flame more quickly [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Magnesium Hydroxide Addition on the Extinguishing Efficiency of Sodium Bicarbonate Powders

et al. 2022

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This article analyzes the possibility of the modification of BC powder (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate) with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). Extinguishing efficiency as well as the influence of this additive on other physicochemical properties were determined by performing a 13B fire test, rheological measurements of the powders, thermal tests (thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in combination with quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS)) and microscopic observations of the powders’ surface (scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS)). It was found that the increase of the Mg(OH)2 content causes deterioration of the rheological properties by increasing the slope angle of the flow curve in relation to the normal stress (the tangent of the flow curve slope varying from 0.258 for 5% of Mg(OH)2 up to 0.330 for 20% of Mg(OH)2). However, at the same time, the increased content of Mg(OH)2 increases the total energy of the chemical decomposition reaction (from −47.27 J/g for 5% of Mg(OH)2 up to −213.6 J/g for 20% of Mg(OH)2) resulting in the desirable higher level of heat removal from the fire. The initial extinguishing effect of the fire becomes more effective as the hydroxide content increases (within the first 2 s), but at a later stage (from t = 63 s), the temperature is no longer sufficient (it is below 350 °C) for thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)2. As such, the optimal content of Mg(OH)2 is 10–15%. The obtained results allowed for the assessment of the impact of individual powder components on its extinguishing effect and will contribute to the development of science in the field of developing new types of extinguishing powders.

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“…The UPEA diffuses in the air to form a certain concentration of aerosol cloud to contact the flame, resulting in a fully submerged fire extinguishing state, which shows extremely high fire extinguishing efficiency. 8–11 UPEA movement diffusion characteristics have an important impact on its fire extinguishing efficiency. In the study of the spatial diffusion characteristics of UPEA, most scholars use experiments combined with numerical simulations to study the movement characteristics of UPEA.Hua et al used the discrete phase model and injection rate model to numerically simulate the release and flow process of fire extinguishing agent particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of ultra-fine powder extinguishing agent injection process

Zhou

Shi

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The process of pressurized injection of ultra-fine powder extinguishing agents (UPEA) and the effect of injection from the nozzle directly affects the spatial dispersion characteristics and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing. Combining CFD simulations and experimental measurements, the UPEA pressurized injection process and injection effects were investigated. The transient process of injection is divided into three stages, initial injection stage, steady injection stage, and post-injection stage. The post-injection stage is divided into a slow decay process and a residual gas release process. Investigating the effect of different filling conditions on the effectiveness of particle injection. In the stable injection stage, the higher the filling ratio, the lower the mass flow of UPEA particles at the same filling pressure. At the same filling ratio, the higher the filling pressure, the higher the mass flow of UPEA particles. The maximum mass flow of the UPEA particles was 5.38 kg/s at a filling ratio of 20% and a filling pressure of 3.6 MPa. The steady injection time is mainly influenced by the particle filling ratio.

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Experimental investigation on extinguishing performance of a novel nanocomposite for gaseous fires

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

The Effect of Magnesium Hydroxide Addition on the Extinguishing Efficiency of Sodium Bicarbonate Powders

Numerical simulation of ultra-fine powder extinguishing agent injection process

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