Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity of Al2O3 Nanofluid in Water - Ethylene Glycol Mixture for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application

Zakaria, Irnie Azlin; Azmi, W.H.; Mohamed, Wan Ahmad Najmi Wan; Mamat, Rizalman; Najafi, G.

doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.12.015

Cited by 162 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The result indicated considerable enhancement of electrical conductivity of magnetite nanofluids with increase of volume fraction and temperature. Recently, Zakaria [23] investigate of electrical conductivity of Al 2 O 3 nanofluids in waterethylene glycol mixture. The finding shows that electrical conductivity decrease as the ethylene glycol increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) Nanofluids

Nurdin¹

2017

IJMSA

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Abstract:The study of this research is to measure the electrical conductivity of maghemite nanofluids. Maghemite nanofluids were prepared by dissolving maghemite nanoparticles in water as base fluids. The investigation on electrical conductivity of maghemite nanofluids have been performed at different particle volume fractions and temperatures. The electrical conductivity was measured by a 4-cell conductivity electrode meter. The electrical conductivity of maghemite nanofluids was linearly increased as the particle volume fraction and temperature rises. The highest enhancement of electrical conductivity of maghemite nanofluids due to the particle volume fraction and temperature are 160.49% and 22.55%, respectively. This condition obtained at a particle volume fraction of 2.5% and temperature 60°C. Significant effect of particle volume fraction and temperature were considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) Nanofluids

Nurdin¹

2017

IJMSA

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“…The effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of a low concentration of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid in a water:EG mixture has also been investigated by Bin Razali et al [65]. Zakaria et al [66] established a thermo-electrical conductivity (TEC) ratio for Al 2 O 3 nanofluid in a water:EG mixture for a (PEM) fuel cell considering both thermal and electrical enhancement. According to the findings, Al 2 O 3 in a water:EG mixture with more than 50 % EG content has a better TEC value over Al 2 O 3 in water or in a water:EG mixture with an EG content lower than 50 %.…”

Section: Conventional Liquid Cooled Pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Nanofluid Adoption in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Fuel Cells as an Alternative Coolant

et al. 2015

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Continuous need for the optimum conversion efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation has triggered varieties of advancements, namely in the thermal management engineering scope. Excellent heat dissipation is correlated with higher performance of a fuel cell, thus increasing its conversion efficiency. This study reveals the potential advancement in thermal engineering of a fuel cell cooling system with respect to nanofluid technology. Nanofluids are seen as a potential evolution of nanotechnology hybridization with the fuel cell serving as a cooling medium. The available literature on the thermophysical properties of potential nanofluids, especially on the electrical conductivity property, has been discussed. The lack of electrical conductivity data for various nanofluids in open literature was another challenge in the application of nanofluids in fuel cells. Unlike in any other thermal management system, a nanofluid in a fuel cell is dealt with using a thermoelectrically active environment. The main challenge in nanofluid adoption in fuel cells was the formulation of a suitable nanofluid coolant with heat transfer enhancement, as compared to its base fluid, but still complying with the strict limits of electrical conductivity as low as 2 S/cm and several other restrictions discussed by the researchers. It is concluded that a nanofluid in PEMFC is advantageous in terms of both heat transfer and simplification of the cooling system through radiator size reduction and potential elimination of the deionizer as compared to the current PEMFC cooling system. However, there are challenges that need to be well addressed, especially in the electrical conductivity requirement.

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“…Zakaria et al [16] investigated electrical conductivity of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid in water-ethylene glycol mixture experimentally. The obtained results revealed that electrical conductivities measured in 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% volume concentration of Al 2 O 3 in base fluid decreased as the EG concentration increased even though the base fluids' electrical conductivity behave differently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2018, 11, 1190 14 of 16 Electric conductivity increases relative to temperature with an almost constant gradient. An increase in electric conductivity with temperature is associated with an increase in ionic mobility with temperature that plays a major role in the conductivity of the nanofluid.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement and Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Electrical Conductivity of CuO/Glycerol Nanofluids at Various Thermal and Concentration Conditions

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In this work, the electrical conductivity of CuO/glycerol nanofluid was measured at a temperature range of 20-60 • C, volume fraction of 0.1-1.5% and nanoparticle size of 20-60 nm. The experimental data were predicted by the perceptron neural network. The results showed that the electrical conductivity increases with temperature, especially in higher volume fractions. These results are attributed to the accumulation of nanoparticles in the presence of the field and their Brownian motion at different temperatures and the reduction of electrical conductivity at higher nanoparticle sizes is attributed to the decreased mobility of nanoparticles as load carriers as well as to their decrease in volume unit per constant volume fraction. The results revealed that sonication time up to 70 min increases the nanofluid stability, while further increase in the sonication time decreases the nanofluid stability. In the modeling, input data to perceptron artificial neural network are nanofluid temperature, nanoparticle size, sonication time and volume fraction and electrical conductivity is considered as output. The results obtained from self-organizing map (SOM) showed that the winner neuron which has the most data is neuron 31. The values of the correlation coefficient (R 2 ), the mean of squared errors (MSE) and maximum error(e max ) used to evaluate the perceptron artificial neural network with 2 hidden layers and 31 neurons are 1, 2.3542 × 10 −17 and 0 respectively, indicating the high accuracy of the network.

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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity of Al2O3 Nanofluid in Water - Ethylene Glycol Mixture for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application

Cited by 162 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Nanofluids

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Nanofluids

A Review of Nanofluid Adoption in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Fuel Cells as an Alternative Coolant

Measurement and Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Electrical Conductivity of CuO/Glycerol Nanofluids at Various Thermal and Concentration Conditions

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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity of Al2O3 Nanofluid in Water - Ethylene Glycol Mixture for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application

Cited by 162 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) Nanofluids

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) Nanofluids

A Review of Nanofluid Adoption in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Fuel Cells as an Alternative Coolant

Measurement and Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Electrical Conductivity of CuO/Glycerol Nanofluids at Various Thermal and Concentration Conditions

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Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Nanofluids

Investigation on Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of Water Based Maghemite (γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) Nanofluids