Experimental investigation of the effect of TiO₂ nanofluid and KCl salt on polymeric water-based drilling fluid properties

Abstract

In petroleum industries, nanofluids have the potential to improve the characteristics of the fluids used in drilling wells or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes. In this study, a water based mud containing polymer was considered as the base fluid. Different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticle (0, 0.5 and 0.75 wt%) and different concentrations of KCl salt (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3 wt%) were added to the base fluid and exposed to different temperatures (30, 50, 70 and 90 °C) with 19 different shear rates for investigating the effects of nanoparticle concentration, salt concentration, temperature and shear rate on viscosity of the base mud. Presence of TiO2 particles enhanced not only the rheological behavior but also electrical and thermal conductivity of fluid up to 25% and 43%, respectively. Furthermore, the stability of the fluid containing salt and nanoparticle was investigated in these temperatures owing to the fact that the temperature could cause degradation of the fluid. For the purpose of investigating this phenomenon, the after cooling experiment was conducted. In addition, the data gathered in this investigation were examined by using three famous rheological models (Power law, Herschel-Bulkley and Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou models) and the rheological parameters of each model were determined.

Effect of a modified nano clay and nano graphene on rheology, stability of water-in-oil emulsion, and filtration control ability of oil-based drilling fluids: a comparative experimental approach

“…Fann VG Meter Model 35 (the commonest apparatus for rheology tests in oil fields across the world) was used during the rheological measurements based on API Recommended Practice 13B-2 for field testing OBDFs. Since temperature is the most effective parameter on rheological properties, especially viscosity [48], rheological properties of the drilling fluids were measured at three temperatures 90, 140 and 180°F. Dial readings at six shear rates corresponding to 3, 6, 100, 200, 300 and 600 RPM were measured to determine rheological behavior of the drilling fluids among the three commonest rheological behavior models for drilling fluids, including Bingham Plastic, Power-law, and Herschel Bulkley presented respectively in equations (1)-(3):…”

Influence of Hydrophobically Modified Polymer and Titania Nanoparticles on Shale Hydration and Swelling Properties

“…The combination of an associative polymer with nanoparticles in drilling fluid formulation results in a large polymer–nanoparticle complex structure which blocks the pores of shale rock and prevents the swelling and hydration process. Therefore, a drilling fluid formulation is proposed containing an associative polymer and nanoparticles for the enhanced inhibition characteristics of shale. − …”

Experimental study on thermal, rheological and filtration control characteristics of drilling fluids: effect of nanoadditives

“…In the case of the thermal behavior of drilling fluids, improvement of thermal conductivity with the use of nanoparticles has been widely investigated. The presence of nanoparticles in base fluids is known to enhance rheological behaviors and thermal conductivities [6][7][8][9], but studies on the drilling fluids specific heat capacity have not yielded consistent outcomes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”