Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks

Qiao, Gang; Muzzammil, Muhammad; Ahmed, Niaz; Ullah, Irfan

doi:10.3390/s20092720

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Muzzammil and Bai et al in [23,24] investigated a relaying technique to increase the communication distance of two MI nodes. They called the opted technique active relaying.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Node Localization Accuracy in IIoT-Based MI-UWSNs and Design of a TD Coil for Omnidirectional Communication

et al. 2022

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This study aims to realize Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 9: Industry Innovation and Infrastructure and SDG 14: Life below Water, through the improvement of localization estimation accuracy in magneto-inductive underwater wireless sensor networks (MI-UWSNs). The accurate localization of sensor nodes in MI communication can effectively be utilized for industrial IoT applications, e.g., underwater gas and oil pipeline monitoring, and in other important underwater IoT applications, e.g., smart monitoring of sea animals, etc. The most-feasible technology for medium- and short-range communication in IIoT-based UWSNs is MI communication. To improve underwater communication, this paper presents a machine learning-based prediction of localization estimation accuracy of randomly deployed sensor Rx nodes through anchor Tx nodes in the MI-UWSNs. For the training of ML models, extensive simulations have been performed to create two separate datasets for the two configurations of excitation current provided to the Tri-directional (TD) coils, i.e., configuration1-case1_configuration2-case1 (c1c1_c2c1) and configuration1-case2_configuration2-case2 (c1c2_c2c2). Two ML models have been created for each case. The accuracies of both models lie between 95% and 97%. The prediction results have been validated by both the test dataset and verified simulation results. The other important contribution of this paper is the development of a novel assembling technique of a MI-TD coil to achieve an approximate omnidirectional magnetic flux around the communicating coils, which, in turn, will improve the localization accuracy of the Rx nodes in IIoT-based MI-UWSNs.

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“…Muzzammil and Bai et al in [23,24] investigated a relaying technique to increase the communication distance of two MI nodes. They called the opted technique active relaying.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Node Localization Accuracy in IIoT-Based MI-UWSNs and Design of a TD Coil for Omnidirectional Communication

et al. 2022

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“…The coupling of this magnetic field with the neighbouring coil (relay or receiver) induces a voltage in the coil, thereby establishing a communication link between the two coils. This communication link is said to be established on the basis of mutual induction (M) between the two coils (or nodes), and it can be expressed as [14,20].…”

Section: Single-hop MI Communication Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using (21) and applying summation to (20), we have the final BEP of an end-to-end multihop network under the assumption of IID of channel states between hops:…”

Section: Multihop MI Communication With Statistically Independent And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, substituting (26) in (20), we can obtain the end-to-end BER for the INID of multihop in an MI-WUSN as…”

Section: Multihop MI Communication With Statistically Independent Non...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The downside to using waveguides is the limited bandwidth they offer. To extend the communication range using relays and without additional power consumption by the WUSN, [20] proposed an optimal relay position related to the system configuration. To extend the range further and gain a bandwidth advantage, [21] used active relays (with the capability to perform some operation on the received signal).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis of Multihop Underground Magnetic Induction Communication

Ishtiaq¹,

Hwang²

2021

Electronics

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Magnetic induction (MI) is a promising solution for realizing wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) for many applications such as smart agriculture, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. In this study, a practical deployment model for a multihop MI-WUSN was developed, and its end-to-end performance was evaluated in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio, channel capacity, and bit error rate. We considered a multihop MI-WUSN and evaluated its end-to-end statistical performance for two scenarios pertaining to the hop state: (1) independent and identical distribution (IID) and (2) independent and non-identical distribution (INID). We derived analytical expressions for the performance evaluation and analysis of both scenarios by varying the number of hops and channel conditions. Our extensive numerical results show that asymptotic performance bounds can be obtained for the IID of hops. An analysis of the INID of hops yielded practical results that can facilitate decisive optimisation trade-offs and that can help reduce the system design overhead.

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A Review of the Applications of Through-the-Earth (TTE) Communication Systems for Underground Mines

Ngwenyama,

Webber-Youngman

2024

Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration

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Underground mining accidents have the potential of leaving miners trapped in unknown and life-threatening locations for an extended period of time. The lives of the trapped and unaccounted-for miners are at risk and require emergency rescue. But, the primary tracking systems are highly susceptible to damage during accidents and are most likely to be defunct and inoperable post-accident. This prompted the need for a robust and reliable post-accident communication and locator system. Subsequently, the through-the-earth (TTE) communication systems were developed and tested in underground mines. Under ideal conditions, these systems are capable of post-accident full-duplex two-way voice, text, and data communication and fingerprint detection of the geolocations of the trapped miners. This is achieved through a wireless link established by the transmission of electromagnetic and seismic waves between surface and underground, even in challenged underground environments. Unlike the primary tracking systems, the TTE communication systems do not require extensive shaft-to-workplace backbone infrastructure. This has made the TTE systems to be less susceptible to damage and therefore suitable for post-accident communication. Instead, the Earth’s crust acts as the signal transmission medium which forms an uplink and downlink communication path. This is achieved by injecting an electric current into the ground using electrodes, by transmitting magnetic fields from a radiating loop antenna, or by inducing fingerprint geolocations using seismic waves. Range and data rates are the critical requirements for the effectiveness of these systems and are dependent on factors such as the antenna design, frequency, and rock properties. This study provides a review of the applications of the different types of TTE communication systems, their evolution, factors that affect them, and techniques for improving their efficiencies and capabilities. These systems present the mining industry with an opportunity to improve safety by providing post-accident communication and locating trapped miners as quickly as possible. This will improve their survival chances and ultimately reduce fatality rates in the mining industry.

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Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Node Localization Accuracy in IIoT-Based MI-UWSNs and Design of a TD Coil for Omnidirectional Communication

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Node Localization Accuracy in IIoT-Based MI-UWSNs and Design of a TD Coil for Omnidirectional Communication

Performance Analysis of Multihop Underground Magnetic Induction Communication

A Review of the Applications of Through-the-Earth (TTE) Communication Systems for Underground Mines

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