Experimental investigation of exhaust emission from marine diesel engines

Reducing the Effect of High Sulfur Content in Diesel Fuel on NOx Emissions and PM Characteristics Using a PPCI Mode Engine and Gasoline–Diesel Blends

“…Hydrogen sulfide is considered one of the gases dangerous to human health, as concentrations of 100 ppm and above pose a serious danger to humans if exposure to them lasts from 1 to 4 h . However, if concentrations of H 2 S exceed 500 ppm, it would cause immediate loss of consciousness and sometimes rapid death.…”

“…Although the results of H 2 S concentrations did not reach dangerous levels, these emissions in closed areas (such as tunnels and garages) may pose a great risk to health due to the accumulation of these concentrations and upon reaching critical levels. 62 , 64 From the above results, the use of GD50 by converting conventional diesel engines to operate with PPCI mode can be considered an important first stage in reducing exhaust pollutants. Certainly, the Iraqi state should work on improving aging oil refineries to produce ultralow-sulfur diesel fuel.…”

“…Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) Concentrations. Hydrogen sulfide is considered one of the gases dangerous to human health, as concentrations of 100 ppm and above pose a serious danger to humans if exposure to them lasts from 1 to 4 h. 64 However, if concentrations of H 2 S exceed 500 ppm, it would cause immediate loss of consciousness and sometimes rapid death. Figure 13 shows the concentrations of this pollutant in the engine exhaust for the fuels tested for both variable load (a) and variable speed (b) conditions.…”

Emissions Characteristics and Engine Performance from the Interaction Effect of EGR and Diesel-Ethanol Blends in Diesel Engine

“…However, such concentrations in closed areas such as tunnels and indoor garages have great risks to human and animal health (Wang et al, 2012;Mihanović et al, 2020). This pollutant causes health risks to humans, as its presence in concentrations of 100 parts per million and more is an actual threat to humans when exposed to it for a period of time from 1 to 4 hours (Mihanović et al, 2020). If H2S concentrations exceed 500 ppm, it causes immediate loss of consciousness and sometimes death.…”