Experimental insight into catalytic mechanism of transition metal oxide nanoparticles on combustion of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole energetic propellant by multi kinetics methods and TG-FTIR-MS analysis

Zhang, Dan; Cao, Chengyang; Lu, Song; Cheng, Yuan; Zhang, Heping

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.007

Cited by 46 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The identified functional groups and gas products are summarized in Table 5. In Figure 5a, in the initial decomposition stage of pure 5AT, the HN 3 (2150-2000 cm À 1 ) band is discovered between 200 to 300 °C [14], which means that HN 3 is mainly generated at the initial step. IR spectrum bands for À NH 2 (3250-3400 cm À 1 ) are also detected, which are obtained from 200 to 700 °C with weaker absorptive intensity.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As shown in Figure 5b-d and Figure 6, in five 5AT composites, the T A B L E 5 Infrared characteristic peak of the main pyrolysis product groups. [26] 2400-2200 C�N stretching NH 2 CN, HCN [14] 2270-2120 CÀ O stretching CO [26] 2175-2000 N=N=N stretching HN 3 [14] 1780-1970 N=O stretching NO [6] 1500-1650 NO 2 stretching NO 2 [6] 1220-1060 N=N=N stretching HN 3 [15] 1000-900 NÀ H bending NH 3 [27] 705-725 HÀ CN bending HCN [6] F I G U R E 6 IR spectra of gas products at different temperatures of (a) 5AT-Cr 2 O 3 and (b) 5AT-MnO 2 .…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis mechanisms of commonly used oxidizers on the 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole

Zheng

Wang

Duo

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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As a novel energetic material, 5-Amino-1H-tetrazole (5AT) has a history of proposed applications in the fields of airbags, rocket engines, and new propellants. However, the application of 5AT is limited for its poor combustion stability. Identification of the thermal behaviour and pyrolysis mechanism of 5AT could provide guidance on the control of combustion behaviour, which can be effectively improved by adding oxidizers. In this paper, five kinds of oxidizers (Ammonium perchlorate (AP), Sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 ), Ammonium nitrate (AN), Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ), and Chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 )) are mixed with 5AT for investigating the catalytic effects of multi-type oxidizers on 5AT. Thermal behaviour is analysed by the TG-DSC test and the thermal activation energy is evaluated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. Moreover, TG-FTIR and TG-MS analyses are used to infer the pyrolysis gas products of 5AT/oxidant. The experimental results indicate that the 5AT-AN has the lowest activation energy, and the degradation process was simplified into one step. The addition of AP, NaClO 4 , and MnO 2 can promote the pyrolysis process of 5AT due to the redox reaction between melamine and the decomposition products of oxidizers, while the catalytic effect of Cr 2 O 3 mainly occurs above 400 °C without the occurrence of oxidation. The catalytic mechanism of Cr 2 O 3 mainly performs on the polyaddition and the ring-opening reaction of N-containing heterocycles. The findings of this work may offer valuable direction for understanding, designing, and using 5AT-based propellants.

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Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis mechanisms of commonly used oxidizers on the 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole

Zheng

Wang

Duo

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Near 400 • C, the decomposition process is mainly one stage, and the weight loss ratio is about 30%. The temperature of the thermal decomposition of 5AT is the lowest, which starts near 200 • C. There is an obvious endothermic peak in the weight loss process of thermal decomposition, indicating that its thermal decomposition is mainly an endothermic process [28].…”

Section: Thermal Behavior Analysis Of Individual Componentsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole on Combustion Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of a Combustion Tear Gas Mixture

2022

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Taking the combustion tear gas mixture as the research object, the system formula was optimized by adding a different mass fraction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole(5AT). TG-DSC, a thermocouple, and a laser smoke test system were used to characterize the characteristic combustion parameters such as combustion temperature and velocity, as well as the end-point effects such as smoke concentration and particle size. Starink’s method, the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, and the Coats–Redfern method were used to evaluate the pyrolysis kinetic parameters of the samples. The results show that when the mass fraction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole in the system is 10%, the maximum combustion temperature of the sample decreases by nearly 70 °C and the smoke concentration increases by 12.81%. The kinetic study also found that with a different mass fraction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole in the system, the main reaction model of the mixed agent in the first, third, and fourth stages of pyrolysis changed significantly, but for the second stage of sample pyrolysis, the main reaction model (the A4 model) showed a high degree of consistency, which can be considered as the thermal diffusion stage of the tear agent capsicum oleoresin (OC) (the temperature range is 220~350 °C), which is highly consistent with the results of the TG-DSC analysis. It was also confirmed that OC’s thermal diffusion is mainly concentrated in this stage. The results of this study show that adding an appropriate amount of the combustible agent 5-amino-1H-tetrazole to the combustion tear gas mixture can improve its combustion performance and smoking performance, which provides an important, new idea for the development of a new generation of safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly tear gas mixtures.

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“…Among them, the metal oxide nano-additive is one of the more popular nano-additive, which usually has a strong redox reaction because they carry oxygen. It has the advantage of reacting with CO, HC molecules and Carbon atoms in soot and generating large amounts of oxygen, allowing the fuel to burn thoroughly [51,52]. Hao et al [53] found that aluminium (Al) nano-additives had a strong oxygen extraction ability and could significantly reduce the induction time and energy required for catalytic exothermic reactions.…”

Section: Nano-additives: a Very Promising Fuel Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nano-Additives Added to Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine: A Review

Wang

Meng

2022

Energies

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How to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce harmful emissions has been a hot research topic in the engine field and related disciplines. Researchers have found that nano-additives to diesel-biodiesel fuel blends have achieved significant results. Many research results and both current and previous studies on nanoparticles have shown that nano-additives play an essential role in improving the performance of internal combustion engines and reducing the emission of harmful substances. This paper summarizes the recent research progress of nanoparticles as additives for diesel-biodiesel fuel blends. Firstly, the excellent properties of nanoparticles are described in detail, and the preparation methods are summarized and discussed. Secondly, the effects of several commonly used nanoparticles as diesel-biodiesel fuel blends on combustion performance and harmful substances emissions in terms of combustion thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, CO, UHC and NOx, are reviewed. Finally, the effects of nano-additives on internal combustion engines, the environment and human health are discussed. The work carried out in this paper can effectively contribute to the application of nanomaterials in the fuel field. Based on our work, the researchers can efficiently select suitable nano-additives that enable internal combustion engines to achieve efficient combustion and low-emission characteristics.

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Experimental insight into catalytic mechanism of transition metal oxide nanoparticles on combustion of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole energetic propellant by multi kinetics methods and TG-FTIR-MS analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Pyrolysis mechanisms of commonly used oxidizers on the 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole

Pyrolysis mechanisms of commonly used oxidizers on the 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole

Effect of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole on Combustion Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of a Combustion Tear Gas Mixture

The Effects of Nano-Additives Added to Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine: A Review

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