Experimental implementation of a degenerate optical resonator supporting more than 46 Laguerre-Gaussian modes

Cheng, Zhi-Quan; Li, Qiang; Liu, Zhenghao; Yan, F.; Yu, Shang; Tang, Jian‐Shun; Zhou, Zheng-Wei; Xu, Jin‐Shi; Li, Chuan‐Feng; Guo, Guang‐Can

doi:10.1063/1.5025132

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While most of the investigations of the frequency dimension have been theoretical, there have been a few recent experimental realizations 24,31 . Other realizations of synthetic lattices use the hyperfine spin states in cold atoms 4–6,32–36 or the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons 7,37–39 . In general, similar to standard solid-state and photonic structures, all these synthetic lattices are again characterized by a band structure in synthetic space, but a direct experimental measurement of this band structure in synthetic space is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension

et al. 2019

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There has been significant recent interest in synthetic dimensions, where internal degrees of freedom of a particle are coupled to form higher-dimensional lattices in lower-dimensional physical structures. For these systems, the concept of band structure along the synthetic dimension plays a central role in their theoretical description. Here we provide a direct experimental measurement of the band structure along the synthetic dimension. By dynamically modulating a resonator at frequencies commensurate with its mode spacing, we create a periodically driven lattice of coupled modes in the frequency dimension. The strength and range of couplings can be dynamically reconfigured by changing the modulation amplitude and frequency. We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that time-resolved transmission measurements of this system provide a direct readout of its band structure. We also realize long-range coupling, gauge potentials and nonreciprocal bands by simply incorporating additional frequency drives, enabling great flexibility in band structure engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension

et al. 2019

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“…The degenerate cavity carrying a variety of OAM modes requires the precise control of surface quality and position of cavity elements. Aberrations may destroy its degenerate [29][30][31], which implies that the experimental requirement is high. We pursue this kind of degeneracy to reduce the self-energy disorder in the cavity which may destroy the topological character in the system.…”

Section: A Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological band structure via twisted photons in a degenerate cavity

Yang,

Zhang,

Liao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Synthetic dimensions based on particles' internal degrees of freedom, such as frequency, spatial modes and arrival time, have attracted significant attention. They offer ideal large-scale lattices to simulate nontrivial topological phenomena. Exploring more synthetic dimensions is one of the paths toward higher dimensional physics. In this work, we design and experimentally control the coupling among synthetic dimensions consisting of the intrinsic photonic orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum degrees of freedom in a degenerate optical resonant cavity, which generates a periodically driven spin-orbital coupling system. We directly characterize the system's properties, including the density of states, energy band structures and topological windings, through the transmission intensity measurements. Our work demonstrates a novel mechanism for exploring the spatial modes of twisted photons as the synthetic dimension, which paves the way to design rich topological physics in a highly compact platform.

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“…Recently, there has been significant interest in creating analogous periodic systems not in real space but in synthetic space, allowing one to explore higher-dimensional physics with a structure of fewer physical dimensions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Synthetic dimensions are internal degrees of freedom of a system that can be configured into a lattice, for example the hyperfine spin states in cold atoms [4][5][6][13][14][15][16][17], the orbital angular momentum of photons [7,[18][19][20], or the modes at different frequencies of optical ring resonators [8,9]. These systems are again characterized by a band structure in synthetic space, but an experimental demonstration of directly measuring this band structure is lacking.In this work we provide the first direct experimental demonstration of a band structure in the synthetic dimension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension

Dutt¹,

Minkov²,

Lin³

et al. 2019

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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In recent years there has been significant interest in the concepts of synthetic dimensions, where one couples the internal degrees of freedom of a particle to form higher-dimensional lattices in lower-dimensional physical structures. For these systems the concept of band structure along the synthetic dimension plays a central role in their theoretical description. Here we provide the first direct experimental measurement of the band structure along the synthetic dimension. By dynamically modulating a ring resonator at frequencies commensurate with its mode spacing, we realize a periodically driven system with a synthetic frequency dimension lattice. The strength and range of the couplings along the lattice can be dynamically reconfigured by changing the amplitude and frequency of modulation. We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that time-resolved transmission measurements of this system result in a direct "read out" of its band structure. We also show how long-range coupling, photonic gauge potentials and nonreciprocal bands can be realized in the system by simply incorporating additional frequency drives, enabling great flexibility in engineering the band structure.The concept of band structure for periodic systems plays a central role in understanding the electronic properties of solid-state systems as well as the photonic properties of photonic crystals and metamaterials [1]. Recently, there has been significant interest in creating analogous periodic systems not in real space but in synthetic space, allowing one to explore higher-dimensional physics with a structure of fewer physical dimensions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Synthetic dimensions are internal degrees of freedom of a system that can be configured into a lattice, for example the hyperfine spin states in cold atoms [4][5][6][13][14][15][16][17], the orbital angular momentum of photons [7,[18][19][20], or the modes at different frequencies of optical ring resonators [8,9]. These systems are again characterized by a band structure in synthetic space, but an experimental demonstration of directly measuring this band structure is lacking.In this work we provide the first direct experimental demonstration of a band structure in the synthetic dimension. For this purpose, we consider a particular construction of a synthetic space -the equidistant frequency modes of a ring resonator. This synthetic frequency dimension enables one to study fundamental physics such as the effective gauge field and magnetic field for photons, 2D topological photonics in a 1D array, and 3D topological photonics in planar structures [8,9,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. Moreover, the concept is interesting for applications such as unidirectional frequency translation, quantum information processing, nonreciprocal photon transport and spectral shaping of light [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. While the frequency dimension has been theoretically investigated in great detail, mostly using the band structure in synthetic space, there is a dearth of e...

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Experimental implementation of a degenerate optical resonator supporting more than 46 Laguerre-Gaussian modes

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension

Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension

Topological band structure via twisted photons in a degenerate cavity

Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension

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