Experimental<i>Toxocara cati</i>Infection in Gerbils and Rats

Zibaei, Mohammad; Sadjjadi, Seyed Mahmoud; Uga, Shoji

doi:10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.331

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since most individuals do not manifest any pathognomonic symptoms, the actual prevalence rate of the infection remains to be elucidated, even in industrialized nations [34,35]. Considering that Toxocara parasites do not develop into adult stage in humans, coproscopy is unnecessary; thus, biopsy and direct parasite observation are the gold standard methods [36]. However, such examination is invasive and relies on the larval load and the infection phase [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

et al. 2020

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Background: Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonotic parasitic disease caused by species of Toxocara and Toxascaris, common in dogs and cats. Herein, a meta-analysis was contrived to assess the prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in carnivore and human hosts in different regions of Iran from April 1969 to June 2019. Methods: The available online articles of English (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Ovid) and Persian (SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Iran Doc) databases and also the articles that presented in held parasitology congresses of Iran were involved. Results: The weighted prevalence of Toxocara/Toxascaris in dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) was 24.2% (95% CI: 18.0-31.0%) and 32.6% (95% CI: 22.6-43.4%), respectively. Also, pooled prevalence in jackal (Canis aureus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was 23.3% (95% CI: 7.7-43.2%) and 69.4% (95% CI: 60.3-77.8%), correspondingly. Weighted mean prevalence of human cases with overall 28 records was 9.3% (95% CI: 6.3-13.1%). The weighted prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina was represented as 13.8% (95% CI: 9.8-18.3%), 28.5% (95% CI: 20-37.7%) and 14.3% (95% CI: 8.1-22.0%), respectively. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results illustrate a considerable prevalence rate of Toxocara/Toxascaris, particularly in cats and dogs of northern parts of Iran. The presence of suitable animal hosts, optimum climate and close contact of humans and animals would have been the reason for higher seroprevalence rates of human cases in our region. Given the significance clinical outcomes of human Toxocara/Toxascaris, necessary measures should be taken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

et al. 2020

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“…The most widely recognized source of human infection is ingestion of contaminated soil followed by paratenic hosts (2-7). The released larvae from the eggs or paratenic hosts enter the circulation which then invade and form granulomas in different tissues, including; liver, lungs, eyes, brain and other tissues (8,9). The prevalence of toxocariasis due to soil contamination with Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Seroprevalence Study of Toxocariasis in Hypereosinophilic and Apparently Healthy Individuals

Sarkari¹,

Lari²,

Salehi³

et al. 2014

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Parasitic invasion of tissues can elicit hypereosinophilia. Among helminthic infections, moderate to severe eosinophilia can be seen in toxocariasis as a pathophysiological response to a worm infection. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the rate of toxocariasis in normal and hypereosinophilic individuals in Shiraz, southern Iran. Patients and Methods: Serum samples of 100 patients with hypereosinophilia (> 10%) and 100 normal individuals (without eosinophilia) were collected. Demographic information of the participants was recorded in a predesigned questionnaire during sample collection. Anti-Toxocara antibodies in the subjects' serum were evaluated by an ELISA. Results: In the hypereosinophilic patients, 54 (54%) were male, and 46 (46%) were female, while in the normal individuals, 58 cases (58%) were male, and 42 (42%) were female. The differences in gender and age of the participants were insignificant (P = 0.46 and 0.59 respectively). Range of eosinophilia found in the patients was between 10-77%. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in the serum of 2 (2%) of the hypereosinophilic patients and 3 (3%) of the normal individuals. No significant correlation was found between hypereosinophilia and the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in this study (P = 0.65). Conclusions: Hypereosinophilia may be due to a variety of reasons and toxocariasis is just one of these. Appropriate tests should be carried out on patients in order to rule out a Toxocara infection in hypereosinophilic individuals.

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“…Ten Mongolian gerbils (one-month-old males) and ten Wistar rats (one-month-old males) were assigned in ten experimental groups ( n = 2/group): each two animals of the same, were infected orally with approximately 240 and 2500 embryonated T. cati eggs, respectively [6, 13–15]. The eggs were derived from adult female worms and were embryonated according to our previous paper [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been reported that human can be infected by the ingestion of T. cati embryonated eggs with contaminated soil or eating larvae within paratenic hosts including birds and small rodents. There is little finding on the location of T. cati larvae in paratenic hosts including the eye as causative agents of human toxocariasis [5, 6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Histopathology, Serology and Molecular Study, on Experimental Ocular Toxocariasis byToxocara catiin Mongolian Gerbils and Wistar Rats

Zibaei

Sadjjadi

Karamian

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three in-house diagnostic tests, that is, histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the diagnosis after experimental infection with Toxocara cati. Twenty Mongolian gerbils and Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n = 2/group). Toxocara cati infections were established in Mongolian gerbils and Wistar rats by administering doses of 240 and 2500 embryonated Toxocara cati eggs by gavage, respectively. Tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and observed under the light microscope. Sera and vitreous fluid collected from separate infected groups were tested against Toxocara cati antigens, for 92 days postinfection. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, and aqueous fluids belong to the animals. The histopathology test gave negative results among the groups of animals examined between 5 and 92 days postinfection. The ELISA results showed that anti-Toxocara antibodies have risen between 7 and 61 days postinfection in sera and vitreous fluid in the animals infected, respectively. Analysis of PCR products revealed positive band (660 bp) in the orbital tissue infected Mongolian gerbils at 5 days postinfection. Of the three evaluated methods, the PCR could be recommended for scientific and laboratory diagnoses of toxocariasis in experimentally infected animals.

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ExperimentalToxocara catiInfection in Gerbils and Rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

A Comparative Seroprevalence Study of Toxocariasis in Hypereosinophilic and Apparently Healthy Individuals

A Comparative Histopathology, Serology and Molecular Study, on Experimental Ocular Toxocariasis byToxocara catiin Mongolian Gerbils and Wistar Rats

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