Experimental Hygienic Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations in Drinking Water, and Its Hardness

Abstract

Introduction. The lack of hygienic norms for Mg2+ and Ca2+ in drinking water and the wide ranges of acceptable hygienic norms (AHN) of these cations in water packaged in containers determine the relevance of experimental studies on the substantiation of AHN of Mg2+, Ca2+ and the hardness of drinking water with a centralized water supply to the population. Material and methods. Chronic experiments were performed on 5 groups of adult Wistar rats (n = 50): control animals received drinking water (Ca2+ 20.0; Mg2+ 6.0 mg / dm3, hardness 1.5-1.8 mEq/dm3); four other groups received model drinking water with different contents of Ca2+ (50, 80, 100 and 140 mg/dm3) and Mg2+ (20, 40, 55 and 85 mg/dm3) by adding CaCl2 or MgSO4 salts to the control water. The effect of these drinking water samples on kidney function, ion osmotic blood parameters, plasma metabolites of lipid and protein metabolism, as well as the concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and cortisol were studied. Results. Prolonged action of increased concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the organism was established to cause alterations in fat metabolism, the adaptive activation of osmoregulatory and ion regulatory kidney functions, increasing the concentration of thyroid hormones and a decrease of cortisol titer in plasma. Magnesium led to more pronounced changes in water-salt metabolism, and at a concentration of 85.0 mg/dm3 (7.0 mg-Eq/dm3) - to depletion of secretion of the described hormones. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, individual ranges for AHN of calcium and magnesium concentrations in water were recommended. The upper limit of AHN of drinking water total hardness is of 7.0 mg-Eq/dm3 at the joint presence of Ca2+and Mg2+. The rule of hygienic qualitative and quantitative estimation of calcium and magnesium types of drinking water hardness is formulated.

Main Trends in Bottled Water Consumption among Young People in the Regions of Southwest Siberia

“…Отдельное перспективное направление в области гигиены и санитарного просвещения представляет использование компьютерных технологий, близких современной молодежи. Так, в работе [23] время способствует развитию таких заболеваний, как мочекаменная болезнь и слюнокаменная болезнь, особенно в сельской местности горных и предгорных территорий [24][25][26][27][28].…”