Experimental examination of a natural vacuum desalination system integrated with evacuated tube collectors

Experimental study on three-effect tubular solar still under vacuum and immersion cooling

“…Vacuum operation is another effective method to enhance the productivity of a still [13,14]. The main reasons for the enhancement include acceleration of the vapor diffusion and reduction of non-condensable gas under vacuum condition.…”

“…This method does not need mechanical pumping once in operation except for the initial start-up of the process [16]. Distillation efficiencies of 47.6% and 65% were reported for single [14] and double [17] effect solar stills with natural vacuum, respectively. The disadvantage of natural vacuum method is that the evaporation chamber needs to be placed ~10 m higher above the saline water, which will extremely increase the construction difficulty and the cost of the desalination system.…”

“…In this situation, many researchers dedicated to combining solar stills with cooling enhancement techniques, eliminating the possibility of vapor loss from the system. The main methods include external vapor condenser [14,25], water [26] or air flowing [27] above the cover, thermoelectric cooling [28], etc. A recent study showed a 305% increase in productivity of solar still by jointly adopting vacuum operation and enhanced cooling method, where the temperature of the cooling water was 15 °C below the ambient temperature [29].…”

Retrofitting a thermoelectric-based solar still integrated with an evacuated tube collector utilizing an antibacterial-magnetic hybrid nanofluid

“…There also have been several studies on the active SSs integrated with the solar collectors to supply the hot basin water [27]. Abbaspour et al [28] attached an ETC to an SS to enable it to absorb more beam radiation. They also used a vacuum pump to create a vacuum situation inside the SS.…”

A waste cryogenic energy assisted freshwater generator for marine applications

“…And the flash efficiency is intensified from 0.75 to 0.95. Abbaspour, et al [13] designed a natural vacuum system with solar evacuated tube collectors which proves that the increased vacuum level improves the water production and system efficiency. Fathinia, et al [14] investigated that when injection pressure decreased from 6 bar to 0.25 bar, the evaporation rate is increased by at least 66.7%.…”