Experimental evidence pointing to the bidirectional interaction between the immune system and the thyroid axis

Klecha, Alicia Juana; Genaro, Ana Marı́a; Lysionek, Alexis; Caro, R.A.; Coluccia, Antonella; Cremaschi, Graciela

doi:10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00012-6

Cited by 80 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Reduced serum levels of thyroid hormones were accompanied by lower antibody production in stressed mice . Klecha et al (2000) demonstrated decreased cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in animals with low thryoid hormone levels. Similarly, Perez-Castro et al (1998) has shown the T cell-dependent antibody response in rats to be inhibited subsequent to suppression of the thyroid hormone release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An evaluation of immune function can be achieved more comprehensively by concurrent assessment of the status of thyroid hormones. Normal thyroid hormone levels are necessary for adequate development, maintanence and function of both the antibody-and cell-mediated immune responses (Erf 1993;Cremaschi et al 2000;Klecha et al 2000). Because of the recognized potential for PCBs to cause immune modulation and thyroid hormone disruption, we assessed plasma thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) together with the T lymphocyte-mediated immune response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid Hormone Suppression and Cell-Mediated Immunomodulation in American Kestrels ( Falco sparverius ) Exposed to PCBs

Smits

Fernie

Bortolotti

et al. 2002

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Suppression and Cell-Mediated Immunomodulation in American Kestrels ( Falco sparverius ) Exposed to PCBs

Smits

Fernie

Bortolotti

et al. 2002

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…T 3 was also associated with lower incidence of early lymphocyte apoptosis indicating that this thyroid hormone may also facilitate maintenance of the lymphocyte population. Although evidence for thyroid hormone regulation of lymphocyte responses has been demonstrated previously in animal models (Klecha et al 2000(Klecha et al , 2006, the underlying cellular mechanisms are not clearly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While it is believed thyroid hormones are not critical to the development of a normal immune response, they are thought to be involved in the maintenance of immune function in response to environmental stimuli and stress-mediated immunosuppression (Davis 1998, Dorshkind & Horseman 2000, Dorshkind & Horsemanelson 2001. Total triiodothyronine (T 3 ) is able to modulate immune function via nuclear receptors (TRs) to regulate target genes, and by non-genomic interactions with membrane receptors independent of protein synthesis (Yen 2001; the mechanisms that are speculated to underlie the aspects of immunity such as the homing of thymocytes to peripheral lymphoid organs (RibeiroCarvalho et al 2007), and immune response to vaccination (Klecha et al 2000). The prevalence of thyroid function disorders increases with age (Mariotti et al 1995, Chiovato et al 1997, Latrofa & Pinchera 2005, and hypothalamicpituitary-thyroid (HPT) dysfunction and altered thyroid metabolism occurs even in apparently healthy older individuals (Mooradian 1995, Chakraborti et al 1999, Magri et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence of immune function modulation by thyroid hormones in healthy men and women aged 55–70 years

Hodkinson¹,

Simpson²,

Beattie³

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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A reciprocal relationship between the endocrine and immune system has been demonstrated under pathophysiological conditions. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between thyroid hormones and immune function in apparently healthy individuals. Therefore, to clarify our understanding of normal physiological endocrine-immune interactions this study aimed to examine the interrelationships between thyroid hormones and immunity in healthy individuals. Total triiodothyronine (T 3 ), total thyroxine (T 4 ) and markers of immune status were assessed in 93 free-living and apparently healthy individuals aged 55-70 years. T 3 and T 4 concentrations were determined by commercially available kits. Immune status was assessed using flow cytometry and biochemical markers. Statistical analysis was performed by partial correlation, controlling for age. Thyroid hormone concentration was positively associated with markers of inflammation (P%0 . 05), natural killer-like T cells (P%0 . 001), expression of interleukin-6 (IL6) by activated monocytes (P%0 . 05); percentage expression of memory T-lymphocytes (P%0 . 01), memory T-helper lymphocytes (P%0 . 05) and memory T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (P%0 . 05), and higher IL2 receptor density on CD3CT-lymphocytes (P%0 . 05). Thyroid hormone concentration was inversely associated with early lymphocyte apoptosis (P%0 . 05) and the ratio of naïve-to memory T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (P%0 . 05). The current study provides preliminary evidence of a role for T 3 and T 4 , within normal physiological ranges, in the maintenance of lymphocyte subpopulations, and in mediating the inflammatory response. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential implications of altered thyroid function in older individuals and the importance of future research examining thyroid-immune interactions.

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“…Increasing evidence shows that the immune system operates in a coordinated way with the neuroendocrine system and that immune cells can be influenced by hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undetectable serum IgA and low IgM concentration in children with congenital hypothyroidism

Stagi

Azzari

Bindi

et al. 2005

Clinical Immunology

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Some studies suggest thyroid hormones may regulate the human immune system. In order to evaluate the effect of thyroid hormone deficiency on antibody production, we evaluated serum IgA and IgM concentrations in 83 children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), diagnosed by neonatal screening. Patients were compared to two healthy, age-matched control groups. Patients with permanent CH had a significantly higher frequency of undetectable IgA concentrations (thyroid agenesis, P < 10 À5 ; thyroid ectopy, P = 0.013) and lower concentrations of IgA (thyroid agenesis, P < 10 À6 ; thyroid ectopy, P < 10 À5 ; dyshormonogenesis, P = 0.0002) and IgM (thyroid agenesis, P = 0.0002; thyroid ectopy, P < 10 À6 ; dyshormonogenesis, P = 0.0017) compared to control group. No difference was observed between patients with transient hypothyroidism and controls. A significant correlation was observed between serum IgA and IgM concentrations and fT 4 levels. IgA and IgM deficiency is correlated with the severity of congenital hypothyroidism and may help to evaluate the duration and severity of thyroid hormone deficiency during prenatal life. D

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Experimental evidence pointing to the bidirectional interaction between the immune system and the thyroid axis

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

Thyroid Hormone Suppression and Cell-Mediated Immunomodulation in American Kestrels ( Falco sparverius ) Exposed to PCBs

Thyroid Hormone Suppression and Cell-Mediated Immunomodulation in American Kestrels ( Falco sparverius ) Exposed to PCBs

Preliminary evidence of immune function modulation by thyroid hormones in healthy men and women aged 55–70 years

Undetectable serum IgA and low IgM concentration in children with congenital hypothyroidism

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