Experimental Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Behavioral Canalization in Natural Populations

Edgell, Timothy C.; Lynch, Brian R.; Trussell, Geoffrey C.; Palmer, A. Richard

doi:10.1086/603639

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Predators are distributed heterogeneously in space and time, and plastic behavioural traits represent a rapid way to cope with changes in mortality threat (Sih, ; Edgell et al ., ). Leucorrhinia species of both predator environments occasionally occur in the ‘non‐preferred’ habitat (Petrin et al ., ; Mikolajewski et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift in predation regime mediates diversification of foraging behaviour in a dragonfly genus

Jiang

Mikolajewski

2018

Ecological Entomology

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1. Behavioural adaptations to avoid and evade predators are common. Many studies have investigated population divergence in response to changes in predation regime within species, but studies exploring interspecific patterns are scant. Studies on interspecific divergence can infer common outcomes from evolutionary processes and highlight the role of environmental constraints in shaping species traits. 2. Species of the dragonfly genus Leucorrhinia underwent well‐studied shifts from habitats being dominated by predatory fish (fish lakes) to habitat being dominated by predatory invertebrates (dragonfly lakes). This change in top predators resulted in a set of adaptive trait modifications in response to the different hunting styles of both predator types: whereas predatory fish actively search and pursue prey, invertebrate predator follow a sit‐and‐wait strategy, not pursuing prey. 3. Here it is shown that the habitat shift‐related change in selection regime on larval Leucorrhinia caused species in dragonfly lakes to evolve increased larval foraging and activity, and results suggest that they lost the ability to recognise predatory fish. 4. The results of the present study highlight the impact of predators on behavioural trait diversification with habitat‐specific predation regimes selecting for distinct behavioural expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift in predation regime mediates diversification of foraging behaviour in a dragonfly genus

Jiang

Mikolajewski

2018

Ecological Entomology

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“…In general, constitutive defenses are expected to evolve under strong uniform and prolonged predation risk (Moran 1992, Edgell et al 2009). Instead, tadpoles in these populations maintained very low activity levels irrespective of predator treatment, suggesting the evolution of a constitutive (canalized) behavioral defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These defenses can be expressed constitutively, or be inducible and only expressed when predators are present (Tollrian and Harvell 1999). Constitutive, or canalized, defenses are common in habitats under constant and high predator pressure (Clark and Harvell 1992, Moran 1992, Edgell et al 2009). On the contrary, inducible, or plastic, defenses evolve in habitats with spatially or temporally variable predation risk and are favored when reliable cues from predation are available (Padilla and Adolph 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of constitutive and inducible defenses against an invasive predator

Nunes

Orizaola

Laurila

et al. 2014

Ecology

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Invasive alien predators can impose strong selection on native prey populations and induce rapid evolutionary change in the invaded communities. However, studies on evolutionary responses to invasive predators are often complicated by the lack of replicate populations differing in coexistence time with the predator, which would allow the determination of how prey traits change during the invasion. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii has invaded many freshwater areas worldwide, with negative impacts for native fauna. Here, we examined how coexistence time shapes antipredator responses of the Iberian waterfrog (Pelophylax perezi) to the invasive crayfish by raising tadpoles from five populations differing in historical exposure to P. clarkii (30 years, 20 years, or no coexistence). Tadpoles from non-invaded populations responded to the presence of P. clarkii with behavioral plasticity (reduced activity), whereas long-term invaded populations showed canalized antipredator behavior (constant low activity level). Tadpoles from one of the long-term invaded populations responded to the crayfish with inducible morphological defenses (deeper tails), reflecting the use of both constitutive and inducible antipredator defenses against the exotic predator by this population. Our results suggest that, while naive P. perezi populations responded behaviorally to P. clarkii, the strong predation pressure imposed by the crayfish has induced the evolution of qualitatively different antipredator defenses in populations with longer coexistence time. These responses suggest that strong selection by invasive predators may drive rapid evolutionary change in invaded communities. Examining responses of prey species to biological invasions using multiple populations will help us better forecast the impact of invasive predators in natural communities.

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“…For instance, the same species of snail exhibited highly plastic behavioural responses when exposed to an invasive crab for < 60 years, less plasticity after 110 years and highly canalised withdrawal behaviour in the crab's native range (Edgell et al . ). These examples from invasive species suggest that native species may exhibit similar increases or decreases in plasticity under the altered selection pressures imposed by climate change (Chown et al .…”

Section: What Kind Of Evolutionary Responses To Climate Change Can Wementioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary responses to global change: lessons from invasive species

2014

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Biologists have recently devoted increasing attention to the role of rapid evolution in species' responses to environmental change. However, it is still unclear what evolutionary responses should be expected, at what rates, and whether evolution will save populations at risk of extinction. The potential of biological invasions to provide useful insights has barely been realised, despite the close analogies to species responding to global change, particularly climate change; in both cases, populations encounter novel climatic and biotic selection pressures, with expected evolutionary responses occurring over similar timescales. However, the analogy is not perfect, and invasive species are perhaps best used as an upper bound on expected change. In this article, we review what invasive species can and cannot teach us about likely evolutionary responses to global change and the constraints on those responses. We also discuss the limitations of invasive species as a model and outline directions for future research.

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Experimental Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Behavioral Canalization in Natural Populations

Cited by 37 publications

References 23 publications

Shift in predation regime mediates diversification of foraging behaviour in a dragonfly genus

Shift in predation regime mediates diversification of foraging behaviour in a dragonfly genus

Rapid evolution of constitutive and inducible defenses against an invasive predator

Evolutionary responses to global change: lessons from invasive species

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