Experimental evidence for an ascending microflow of geogas in the ground

TEM observation of geogas-carried particles from the Changkeng concealed gold deposit, Guangdong Province, South China

“…Previous studies have indicated that high concentration (anomaly) of metallogenic elements (such as Au) of the geogas substances is closely related to concealed ore bodies (Malmqvist and Kristiansson, 1984;Kristiansson et al, 1990;Wang et al, 1997;Tong et al, 1998;Xie et al, 1999;Malmqvist et al, 1999). In our work, the Hg-, Zn-, Pb-, or Wbearing particles and gold particles have been not found in blank contrast samples from barren area, showing that the geogas particles are related to concealed ore bodies.…”

“…It can carry solid substances from concealed ore bodies or other geological bodies and transport them to the Earth's surface . Concealed ore bodies may be detected by capturing these geogas-carried substances in Quaternary sediments, and analyzing their extremely low element concentrations by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) Malmqvist, 1982, 1987;Malmqvist and Kristiansson, 1984;Kristiansson et al,1990;Wang et al,1997;Tong et al,1998;Hirner, 1998;Xie et al, 1999;Malmqvist et al, 1999;Cao et al, 2004). However, the traditional methods for estimating the concealed ore bodies consist only of measuring the element concentrations of the geogas-carried particles using different analytical methods.…”

Groundwater Natural Contamination by Toluene in Beja and Faro Districts, Portugal

“…Buoyant hydrocarbon microbubbles rising through the water-filled network of fractures, joints, and bedding planes provide a logical mechanism for vertical migration of hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface and commonly occupy the pore voids in rocks, overburden, and soil [27,44]. Kristiansson & Malmqvist [50,59] and Malmqvist & Kristiansson [60,61] hypothesize that, in the zone of saturation, pressure gradients and pressure shocks cause oversaturation, leading to the formation of gas bubbles. These stream upward at a comparatively rapid rate until they reach the water table (any hydrocarbon that dissolves in groundwater could, given the appropriate conditions, migrate by streaming) and mix with the soil air.…”

Statistical approach for the geochemical signature of two active normal faults in the western Corinth Gulf Rift (Greece)

“…However, the CO 2 contour map shows an anomalous distribution similar to that of radon confirming the preliminary results obtained by both the cluster and the factor analysis for gas associations. According to many authors (Malmqvist and Kristiansson, 1984;Etiope and Lombardi, 1995;Etiope and Martinelli, 2002;Morner and Etiope, 2002;Walia et al, 2010;Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010) the CO 2 naturally occurring gas acts as carrier gas for Rn advective transport and the spatial coincidence of radon and CO 2 concentrations provide evidence of this transport mechanism. Another minor CO 2 anomaly, WNW-ESE elongated, is located in correspondence with the intersection of inferred faults in the central study sector suggesting the presence of more permeable soil zones that produce an increase in the gas flow rate to the surface.…”