This article reviews the renewable energy systems emulators proposals for microgrid laboratory testing platforms. Four emulation conceptual levels are identified based on the literature analysis performed. Each of these levels is explained through a microgrid example, detailing its features and possibilities. Finally, an experimental microgrid, built based on emulators, is presented to exemplify the system performance.
This article reviews the renewable energy systems emulators proposals for microgrid laboratory testing platforms. Four emulation conceptual levels are identified based on the literature analysis performed. Each of these levels is explained through a microgrid example, detailing its features and possibilities. Finally, an experimental microgrid, built based on emulators, is presented to exemplify the system performance.
“…The use of variable speed wind turbine has made possible to continuously adapt the rotational speed of the wind turbine relative to wind speed in a way the turbine operates at higher efficiency and decreases power fluctuations. 7,56,57 Annual production increases by 5-10% in a variable speed turbine compared with in a fixed turbine.…”
Section: Mppt Tracking In Windmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…78 In order to measure V oc the PV system is open-circuited for a fraction of second and reading for V oc is taken. V MPP is then calculated using (57 (60) where K sc is the current factor and its value can be calculated by analyzing the PV system for wide range of solar radiations and temperature and it generally varies between 0.64 and 0.85. …”
Harnessing energy from alternative energy source has been recorded since early history. Renewable energy is abundantly found anywhere, free of cost and has non-polluting characteristics. However, these energy sources are based on the weather condition and possess inherited intermittent nature, which hinders stable power supply. Combining multiple renewable energy resources can be a possible solution to overcome defects, which not only provides reliable power but also leads to reduction in required storage capacity. Although an oversized hybrid system satisfies the load demand, it can be unnecessarily expensive. An undersized hybrid system is economical, but may not be able to meet the load demand. The optimal sizing of the renewable energy power system depends on the mathematical model of system components. This paper summarizes the mathematical modeling of various renewable energy system particularly PV, wind, hydro and storage devices. Because of the nonlinear power characteristics, wind and PV system require special techniques to extract maximum power. Hybrid system has complex control system due to integration of two (or more) different power sources. The complexity of system increases with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques employed in their subsystems. This paper also summarizes mathematical modeling of various MPPT techniques for hybrid renewable energy systems.
“…On the one hand, the grid-connection and the electric power quality are focused [4][5][6][7][8]. On the other hand, Reference [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] concern the aero-mechanical dynamics to provide a performance test rig for WT control strategies. This paper will focus on the latter type.…”
Wind turbine simulator (WTS) is an important test rig for validating the control strategies of wind turbines (WT). Since the inertia of WTSs is much smaller than that of WTs, the inertia compensation scheme is usually employed in WTSs for replicating the slow mechanical behavior of WTs. In this paper, it is found that the instability of WTSs applying the inertia compensation scheme, characterized by the oscillation of compensation torque, is caused by the one-step time delay produced in the acceleration observation. Hence, a linear discrete model of WTS considering the time delay of acceleration observation is developed and its stability is analyzed. Moreover, in order to stably simulate WTs with large inertia, an improved inertia compensation scheme, applying a first-order digital filter to mitigate deviation response induced by the time delay, is proposed. And, the criterion for selecting the filter coefficients is established based on the stability condition analysis. Finally, the WTS with the proposed scheme is validated by simulations and experiments.
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