Experimental evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of a large-scale high-lift morphing wing

Auteri, Franco; Savino, Alberto; Zanotti, Alex; Gibertini, G.; Zagaglia, Daniele; Tekap, Yannick Bmegaptche; Braza, Marianna

doi:10.1016/j.ast.2022.107515

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Conventional and morphing wing aircraft have been studied and estimated [ 93 , 94 ]. Studies that investigated the performance of morphing aircraft addressed aerodynamical performance aspects such as

and

as well as flight envelopes for flight dynamics and control [ 27 , 31 , 90 , 91 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ]. Some representative works of a camber morphing wing aircraft’s aerodynamical characteristics compared their performance to those of conventional wing aircraft [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Range and Endurance Evaluation of a Camber Morphing Wing Aircraft

Joe

Majid

2023

Biomimetics

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Flight range, endurance, maneuverability, and agility are the key elements that determine an aircraft’s performance. Both conventional and morphing wing aircraft have been well studied and estimated in all aspects of performance. When considering the performance of morphing aircraft, most works address aspects of the aerodynamical performance such as L and D as well as flight envelopes for flight dynamics and control perspectives. However, the actual benefits of adopting morphing technologies in practical aspects such as aircraft operation, mission planning, and sustainability have not been addressed so far. Thus, this paper addresses the practical aspect of the benefits when adopting a camber morphing wing aircraft. Identical geometrical and computational conditions were applied to an already-existing aircraft: the RQ-7a Shadow. The wing structure was switched between a fixed wing and a camber morphing wing to generate conventional and morphing wing geometries. The fixed-wing cases had varying flap deflection angles, and the camber morphing wing cases had varying camber rates from 4% to 8%. Once the CL values of the fixed and morphing wing cases were matched up to two significant figures, the CD and CL/CD were analyzed for these matching cases to calculate the flight endurance, range, and improvement. When NACA 6410 is adopted, a 17% improvement in flight range and endurance average was expected. In the case of NACA 8410, an average 60% improvement was expected.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among many topics, this paper relates to morphing wing analysis regarding design and implementation topic (3)—performance and characteristics analysis of morphing wing aircraft [ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Moreover, among the many types of morphing, this paper mainly targets camber morphing in the airfoil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Range and Endurance Evaluation of a Camber Morphing Wing Aircraft

Joe

Majid

2023

Biomimetics

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“…Franco et al [13] experimentally investigated aerodynamic performance improvement potential on an electro-actively actuated morphing trailing edge design on Airbus A320 aircraft wing design. The wing was scaled and wind-tunnel analyses were performed to assess aerodynamic performances of morphing flap designs especially for takeoff and landing scenarios.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal is typically to obtain the best performance relying on mission requirements by having the most profitable and less costly morphing configuration. The objective of a morphing scenario on an aerial vehicle design might be obtaining an improvement in aerodynamic or flight performance in a particular flight phase [13,43,50], an attitude of control response [1,25], a mission or trajectory-based cost decrement [7,18,27], or a combination of various purposes. From aerodynamics and correspondingly flight performance points of view, fixed-wing aerial vehicles have such applications mostly on their main wing in terms of planform, out-of-plane, or airfoil morphing in the literature [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary Performance Enhancement on a Fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle via Simultaneous Morphing Wing and Control System Design

Eraslan,

Oktay

2023

ITC

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An aerial vehicle design process usually aims to maximize performance in a specific flight phase regarding a particular topic such as aerodynamics, flight qualities, or control. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary enhancement both in aerodynamics and longitudinal autonomous flight performance (LAFP) via modern simultaneous design methodology conducted with a novel morphing idea. In this regard, the main wing of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is redesigned with wingtips capable of altering its taper ratio which results in a semi-tapered planform. The dynamic model of morphing aircraft is constituted from data obtained by numerical and analytical approaches for a number of morphing scenarios. The LAFP is identified as the sum of trajectory tracking parameters which are rise time, settling time, and maximum overshoot, while aerodynamic performance is the lift-to-drag ratio. A hierarchically structured control system is designed and the proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller coefficients and the taper ratio of the morphing wingtip are optimized via the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Ap-proximation (SPSA) algorithm. The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) machine learning algorithm is also conducted to expand the data limited within the investigated range of morphing scenarios so as to have higher accuracy in optimization. Finally, flight simulations of the morphing UAV with optimal wing and control system design are carried out, closed-loop responses are examined in the presence of the von-Karman turbulence model, and the obtained satisfactory results are presented for both disciplines.

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“…The FFN plate chosen as the research subject is the core structure of a wind tunnel to provide multiple Mach numbers of airflow. Specifically, the advanced wind tunnels have been widely designed for the independent research and development of aircraft, which motivates the development of aerodynamics and the related disciplines [1][2][3][4]. In the supersonic wind tunnel, the FFN that owns the deformable ability is an essential aspect of obtaining uniform airflow under the designed Mach number, as the quality of the FFN contour closely determines the flow quality of the wind tunnel [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Accurate Method for Deformation Reconstruction of Smart Deformable Structures Based on Flexible Strain Sensors

Gao

Liao

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Smart deformable structures that integrate designing, sensing, and controlling technology have been widely applied in the fields of aerospace, robotics, and biomedical engineering due to their multi-functional requirements. The deformation reconstruction method essential for security monitoring and shape controlling, especially for the large deflection deformation, remains a challenge on accuracy and efficiency. This paper takes a wind tunnel’s fixed-flexible nozzle (FFN) plate as the research object to develop a highly accurate deformation reconstruction method based on sensing information from flexible strain sensors. The mechanical behaviors of the FFN plate with large deflection deformation, which is modeled as a cantilever beam, are studied to analyze the relationship of the strain and moment. Furthermore, the large deflection factor and shell bending theory are creatively utilized to derive and modify the strain–moment based reconstruction method (SMRM), where the contour of the FFN plate is solved by particular elliptic integrals. As a result, structural simulation based on ABAQUS further demonstrates that the reconstruction error of SMRM is 21.13% less than that of the classic Ko-based reconstruction method (KORM). An FFN prototype accompanied by customized flexible sensors is developed to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the SMRM, resulting in a maximum relative error of 3.97% that is acceptable for practical applications in smart deformable structures, not limited to the FFN plate.

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Experimental evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of a large-scale high-lift morphing wing

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Enhanced Range and Endurance Evaluation of a Camber Morphing Wing Aircraft

Enhanced Range and Endurance Evaluation of a Camber Morphing Wing Aircraft

Multidisciplinary Performance Enhancement on a Fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle via Simultaneous Morphing Wing and Control System Design

A Highly Accurate Method for Deformation Reconstruction of Smart Deformable Structures Based on Flexible Strain Sensors

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