Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Modelling of Timber-Framed Walls

Ferreira, J.G.; Teixeira, Madalena; Duţu, Andreea; Branco, Fernando A.; Gonçalves, Alexandre B.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-1567.2012.00820.x

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Another experimental investigation, also conducted in Portugal, involved seven TF panels (1 m square) with diagonal braces [9]. Materials and construction techniques were similar to the previous test but with a view to rehabilitation and fast cure of masonry; to this end, cement-based mortar was used.…”

Section: Overview Of Available Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only shear stresses are induced in masonry infills while they slide (with friction) along timber elements. As noted in the introductory section, their early sliding has been observed both experimentally [9] and analytically [11,31]. Pushover curves from the analyses of the TF panels with various values of E for their masonry infills are summarised in Figure 7.…”

Section: Influence Of Masonry Infills On the Behaviour Of Tf Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not all these values should be considered as thoroughly supported, nor have all of them been experimentally determined, nevertheless they reflect the experience (and judgement) of the researchers that put them forward. As an example, the value for E proposed in [9] would be expected to be higher than that indicated in [7] given the materials used. This large variability is an indication of the variability of masonry material used as infill over the years, all sorts of which can be classified as rather flexible and as such, serve (at least) the purpose of increasing the deformation capacity of the panel.…”

Section: Influence Of Masonry Infills On the Behaviour Of Tf Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Ferreira et al [9] assumed carpentry joints to be rigid and diagonals to be pinned at the connections. These authors presented a model comprised of beam, strut and plane elements.…”

Section: Overview Of Available Analytical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A practice-oriented model for pushover analysis of a class of timber-framed masonry buildings

Kouris

Kappos

2014

Engineering Structures

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Citation: Kouris, L.A.S. & Kappos, A. J. (2014). A practice-oriented model for pushover analysis of a class of timber-framed masonry buildings. Engineering Structures, 75, pp. 489-506. doi: 10.1016Structures, 75, pp. 489-506. doi: 10. /j.engstruct.2014 This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent AbstractTimber-Framed (TF) masonry is a structural system characterized by high complexity and diversity. Limited experimental and analytical research has been carried out so far to explore their earthquake response, partly due to the complexity of the problem and partly due to the scarcity of TF buildings across the world. Here, a new practice-oriented non-linear (NL) macro-model is presented for TF masonry structures, based on the familiar diagonal strut approach with NL axial hinges in the struts. The constitutive law for the hinges (axial force vs. axial deformation) is derived on the basis of an extensive parametric analysis of the main factors affecting the response of TF masonry panels subjected to horizontal loading. The parameters studied are related to the geometric features of the panel and the strength of wood as well as the connections of the timber elements. The parametric analysis is performed using a micro-model based on Hill-type plasticity and it is shown that in the studied X-braced walls the masonry infills do not make a significant contribution to the lateral load resistance. Empirical expressions are proposed for the yield and maximum displacement and shear of a horizontally loaded TF panel. The model is verified against available experimental data, and is found to capture well the envelopes of the experimental loops. The model is readily applicable to NL static analysis (pushover) analysis for the assessment of the lateral load capacity of TF masonry buildings, as the number of input parameters for deriving the constitutive law has been limited to only five.

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Section: Overview Of Available Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Masonry Infills On the Behaviour Of Tf Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Masonry Infills On the Behaviour Of Tf Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Available Analytical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A practice-oriented model for pushover analysis of a class of timber-framed masonry buildings

Kouris

Kappos

2014

Engineering Structures

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“…Actually, the lack of knowledge on the TFW seismic behaviour and on the effect of possible reinforcing solutions led to the absence of design procedures for seismic rehabilitation that could be generally accepted (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic retrofitting of timber framed walls

Gonçalves¹,

Ferreira²,

Guerreiro³

et al. 2014

Mater. construcc.

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ABSTRACT:After the 1755 earthquake that destroyed Lisbon, an innovative anti-seismic structural system was developed consisting of a timber skeleton, that included timber framed masonry walls. After more than 250 years these structures need rehabilitation to face the present demands. The research presented in this paper aimed at experimentally characterizing the cyclic behaviour of timber framed walls reinforced with three different methods, namely: (i) elastic-plastic dampers on diagonal braces, (ii) reinforcement of timber connections with steel plates, (iii) application of a reinforced rendering. The elastic-plastic damper showed an unsymmetrical behaviour and some difficulties to implement in practice. The strengthening with reinforced render led to an initial stiffness increase but showed a limited deformation capacity. The walls with reinforcing steel plates at the timber connections showed the best behaviour in terms of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation. RESUMEN:Refuerzo sismico de muros de mamposteria con entramado de madera. Después del terremoto de 1755 que destruyó Lisboa, un sistema estructural antisísmico muy innovador fue desarrollado. El sistema consistió en un esqueleto de madera, que incluyó la construcción de muros de mampostería con un entramado de madera. Transcurridos más de 250 años, estas estructuras necesitan rehabilitación para poder hacer frente a los requisitos estructurales actuales. La investigación presentada en este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar experimentalmente el comportamiento cíclico de los muros con entramado de madera reforzados con tres méto-dos diferentes: (i) amortiguadores elasto-plásticos, (ii) refuerzo de las conexiones de madera con placas de acero, (iii) aplicación de un mortero reforzado. El amortiguador elasto-plástico mostró un comportamiento asimétrico y algunas dificultades para aplicarlo en la práctica. El refuerzo con mortero reforzado condujo a un aumento de la rigidez inicial, pero reveló una capacidad de deformación limitada. Los muros con placas de refuerzo de acero en las conexiones de madera mostraron el mejor comportamiento en términos de resistencia, rigidez y disipación de la energía.

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Estimating inelastic drift demands for wood portal frame systems considering accumulated damages

Shu

2017

Structural Design Tall Build

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Summary As one key to the implementation of the performance‐based design methodologies for wood structures, the performance objectives and their corresponding limit state criteria are usually correlated with the peak (maximum) interstory drift demands. This paper evaluates the inelastic drift demands including the peak drift and the residual drift for the prototype timber portal frame structural elements. Analytical 2D‐framed model representative of the study‐case were subjected to a suite of 50 pulse‐type earthquake ground motions. In addition, an accumulated damage index is added to the inputs of the nonlinear analyses to account for the damage caused by the previous ground excitations. Larger accumulated damages lead to larger inelastic drifts. Strong correlation is revealed among the drift demands, the peak ground accelerations, and the variables characterizing the nonlinear system behavior. Finally, estimation formulas for the peak and residual drift demands are proposed and validated with the simulated results from nonlinear time‐history analyses. Based on the presented formulas, the resilience ratio and the effective elastic drift are further derived to comprehend the nonlinear behavior of such timber made structures.

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Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Modelling of Timber-Framed Walls

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

A practice-oriented model for pushover analysis of a class of timber-framed masonry buildings

A practice-oriented model for pushover analysis of a class of timber-framed masonry buildings

Seismic retrofitting of timber framed walls

Estimating inelastic drift demands for wood portal frame systems considering accumulated damages

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