Experimental Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection in Small Laboratory Rodents

Doi, Kunio

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.05.001

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…EMCV infection can also lead to reproductive disorders in pregnant mice, 121 testicular lesions (orchitis) in mice 122 and also to lesions in salivary and lachrymal glands (sialodacryoadenitis) (for review see ref. 123). …”

Section: Emcv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The encephalomyocarditis virus

2012

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The encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a small non-enveloped single-strand RNA virus, the causative agent of not only myocarditis and encephalitis, but also neurological diseases, reproductive disorders and diabetes in many mammalian species. EMCV pathogenesis appears to be viral strain- and host-specific, and a better understanding of EMCV virulence factors is increasingly required. Indeed, EMCV is often used as a model for diabetes and viral myocarditis, and is also widely used in immunology as a double-stranded RNA stimulus in the study of Toll-like as well as cytosolic receptors. However, EMCV virulence and properties have often been neglected. Moreover, EMCV is able to infect humans albeit with a low morbidity. Progress on xenografts, such as pig heart transplantation in humans, has raised safety concerns that need to be explored. In this review we will highlight the biology of EMCV and all known and potential virulence factors.

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Section: Emcv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The encephalomyocarditis virus

2012

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“…5). In experimental settings the two viruses have different primary target organs and pathogenic mechanisms as well as differing molecular interfaces with the host immune system [60], [72]–[74]. To clear the infection in each case the host depends on a functional IFN-I response, and hence on STAT1, although the temporal and spatial STAT1 activities required for host survival are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible, Dose-Adjustable and Time-Restricted Reconstitution of Stat1 Deficiency In Vivo

et al. 2014

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Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 is a key player in interferon (IFN) signaling, essential in mediating host defense against viruses and other pathogens. STAT1 levels are tightly regulated and loss- or gain-of-function mutations in mice and men lead to severe diseases. We have generated a doxycycline (dox) -inducible, FLAG-tagged Stat1 expression system in mice lacking endogenous STAT1 (i.e. Stat1ind mice). We show that STAT1 expression depends on the time and dose of dox treatment in primary cells and a variety of organs isolated from Stat1ind mice. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, a fraction of the amount of STAT1 present in WT cells is sufficient for full expression of IFN-induced genes. Dox-induced STAT1 established protection against virus infections in primary cells and mice. The availability of the Stat1ind mouse model will enable an examination of the consequences of variable amounts of STAT1. The model will also permit the study of STAT1 dose-dependent and reversible functions as well as of STAT1's contributions to the development, progression and resolution of disease.

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“…Serological surveys indicate that cardiovirus infections are one of the top four most common viral infections of rats, with seroprevalences of 0.08%e2.3% (Mahler and Kohl, 2009;Marx et al, 2017;McInnes et al, 2011;Pritchett-Corning et al, 2009;Schoondermark-van de Ven et al, 2006). ECMV (cardiovirus A) causes lethal infections in a broad range of species, including pigs, nonhuman primates, and elephants, and has a worldwide distribution (Doi, 2011). Mice and rats serve as reservoirs for ECMV and have been linked to several outbreaks in zoos and pig farms.…”

Section: Cardiovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%