Experimental Determination of the Detonation Front Curvature of Non-Ideal Explosive ANFO

Miyake, Akira; Ohtagaki, Yuji; Abe, Takayuki; Wada, Yuji; Nakayama, Yoshio; Ogawa, Terushige

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.465-466.181

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Gunawan and Zhang noticed that the presence of pyrite in ANFOs chemical composition additionally catalyzes the decomposition reaction of an explosive [10]. The influence of the flammable component on the blasting properties of ANFO has also been studied [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the conducted research, the combustible components were coal dust, sugar in the powdered and crystalline forms, aluminum dust, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and fuel oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

et al. 2020

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In this study, we examined the influence of microstructured charcoal (MC) when added to ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples. We performed a study that investigated ANFOs structure, crystallinity, and morphology by utilizing infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. MC characteristics were probed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis. SEM analysis indicated how fuel oil (FO) covered ammonium nitrate prill. Moreover, the surface of the MC was covered by specific microfibers and microtubes. The disordered graphitic structure of the MC was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Simulation of blasting properties revealed that the addition of MC should decrease blasting parameters like heat explosion, detonation pressure, and detonation temperature. However, the obtained differences are negligible in comparison with the regular ANFO. All analyses indicated that MC was a good candidate as an additive to ANFO.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

et al. 2020

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“…For each mix ture (FGM 6, RHE5, RHE6 and EXN6 ) a DSD calibration based on a linear D n-I( relatio n (2) (for titti ng parameters DCl and B) has been obtained by di re(;tl y fitting (2) to the experimental data. Buzil el a !.…”

Section: An Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonation Shock Dynamics Calibration for Non-Ideal He: Anfo

Short¹,

Salyer²,

Aslam³

et al. 2009

AIP Conference Proceedings

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By acceptance 01 this article, the publisher reccgnizes tha t tllO U.S. Government retains a nonexclUSive, royally-free i!cen!e to publish or repro duce the published form of this contribution , or to allow others to do so, fer U.S. Govornment purposes. Los Alamo National Laboratory requests that tho publisher idontify this article as worl(performcd under the auspices of the U.S. Department at Energy. los Alamos National laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher'S right to publish; as an inslitulion, howeve r. the Laboratory Joes not endorse Ihe viewpoin t of 8 publicntion or guarantee its l ec llnical correctness.

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“…The second difficulty in conducting characterization studies with AN-based explosives arises from their highly non-ideal detonation behavior. This behavior stems from the relatively long reaction zones inherent in these explosives due to the slow reaction rate of AN [4]. As a result, the detonation performance of AN-based explosives can be highly divergent from theoretically predicted values for all practical charge diameters and can have critical diameters (d c ) in excess of 100 mm [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This behavior stems from the relatively long reaction zones inherent in these explosives due to the slow reaction rate of AN [4]. As a result, the detonation performance of AN-based explosives can be highly divergent from theoretically predicted values for all practical charge diameters and can have critical diameters (d c ) in excess of 100 mm [4][5][6]. A consequence of these larger critical diameters is that greater amounts of material are required to achieve steady detonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non‐Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior

Scott

Cummock

Son

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The plethora of potential homemade explosive (HME) formulations combined with the fact they often exhibit large critical diameters make them expensive to characterize with traditional large-scale tests. A relatively new method for small-scale characterization was investigated using non-ideal explosive charges consisting of ammonium nitrate (AN) and various fuels. Here, we extend this method using an optical characterization technique that utilizes the decay rate of the reaction wave velocity in failing detonations of sub-critical diameter charges as a metric for the shock sensitivity of an explosive. The conditions required for successful detonation initiation and failure have long been used to investigate shock sensitivity (critical diameter, gap tests, run-to-detonation experiments); however, the failure regime still remains largely unexplored. The utility of this small-scale characterization technique lies in its ability to determine the relative shock sensitivity of explosive with minimal material and experiments while simultaneously providing transient velocity data for potential use in modeling efforts. In this work, high speed imaging was used and analyzed to determine rates of reaction wave velocity decay in the AN-fuel samples. Among the fuels tested with AN were diesel (ANFO), nitromethane (ANNM), and aluminum (ANÀ Al). It was found that nitromethane was the most effective at sensitizing the AN of the systems considered. In both ANNM and ANÀ Al, maximum shock sensitivity (here measured as the minimum reactive wave velocity decay rate) occurred at fuel percentages below stoichiometric mixtures. This was interpreted to be due to the competing effects of stoichiometry and hot spot criticality. Sensitivity results were compared to run-to-failure (RTF) distances and published critical diameter trends which showed good correlation.

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Experimental Determination of the Detonation Front Curvature of Non-Ideal Explosive ANFO

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

On the Investigation of Microstructured Charcoal as an ANFO Blasting Enhancer

Detonation Shock Dynamics Calibration for Non-Ideal He: Anfo

Small‐Scale Characterization of Shock Sensitivity for Non‐Ideal Explosives Based on Imaging of Detonation Failure Behavior

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