Detonation Shock Dynamics Calibration for Non-Ideal He: Anfo

Short, Mark; Salyer, Terry; Aslam, Tariq D.; Kiyanda, Charles B.; Morris, John S.; Zimmerly, Tony

doi:10.1063/1.3295099

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Due to this predictive capability and the fact that the SSA is computationally very cheap, one possible use is . 10 The diameter effects for experimental data for ANFO [4,5] and best fits of the SSA forD CJ in fitting rate law parameters to experimental unconfined diameter effect data. We illustrate this here by fitting the idealised condensed phase parameters n and m to the ANFO data in [4,5].…”

Section: Fitting To Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The diameter effects for experimental data for ANFO [4,5] and best fits of the SSA forD CJ in fitting rate law parameters to experimental unconfined diameter effect data. We illustrate this here by fitting the idealised condensed phase parameters n and m to the ANFO data in [4,5]. Note that a much more realistic equation of state than the simple polytropic equation of state used here would be required to quantitatively model an ANFO type of explosive.…”

Section: Fitting To Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All have parameters (typically in the 'rate law', representing lumped bulk burning and mechanical hot-spot effects) which require fitting to some sort of experimental data. For highly non-ideal detonation, the main experimental data usually exist as diameter effect (VoD as a function of charge size) measurements of effectively unconfined cylindrical charges [3][4][5]. Diameter effect data for confined non-ideal explosives is sparse and can show large statistical scatter, especially for rock confinement.…”

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A streamline approach to two-dimensional steady non-ideal detonation: the straight streamline approximation

et al. 2011

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Detonations in non-ideal explosives tend to propagate significantly below the nominal one-dimensional detonation speed. In these cases, multi-dimensional effects within the reaction zone are important. A streamlinebased approach to steady-state non-ideal detonation theory is developed. It is shown in this study that, given the streamline shapes, the two-dimensional problem reduces to an ordinary differential equation eigenvalue problem along each streamline, the solution of which determines the local shock shape that, in turn, leads to the solution of the detonation speed as a function of charge diameter. A simple approximation of straight but diverging streamlines is considered. The results of the approximate theory are compared with those of high-resolution direct numerical simulations of the problem. It is shown that the straight streamline approximation is remarkably predictive of highly non-ideal explosive diameter effects. It is even predictive of failure diameters. Given this predictive capability, one potential use of the method is in the determination of rate law parameters by fitting to data from unconfined rate stick experiments. This is illustrated by using data for ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives.

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Section: Fitting To Experimental Datamentioning

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A streamline approach to two-dimensional steady non-ideal detonation: the straight streamline approximation

et al. 2011

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“….I ti sk nowna sh ighly non-ideal, high-porosity and low-densitye xplosive, where the fuel and oxidizer are not mixed at the molecularl evel [1,2].D ifferingf rom other explosives such as TNT,i te xhibits special characteristics such as low detonationv elocity,l ong reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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] 1IntroductionANFO is an explosivem ixture of ammonium nitrate (AN, 94 wt-%) and fuel oil (FO, 6wt-%) withadensity of 800 to 1000 kg m

À3.I ti sk nowna sh ighly non-ideal, high-porosity and low-densitye xplosive, where the fuel and oxidizer are not mixed at the molecularl evel [1,2].D ifferingf rom other explosives such as TNT,i te xhibits special characteristics such as low detonationv elocity,l ong reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters.The characteristics of ANFO have been studied al ot by many researchers throughe xperiments [3,4] and theoretical studies [5].C atanach,H ill, and Davis conducted series of experiments on diameter effect of ANFO, and measured the curvature of detonationf ront using ANFO cylinders [3,4].B dzil and Aslam proposed DetonationS hock Dynamics (DSD) theory that the velocity of detonationn ormal to the shock is solely af unction of the shock curvature, and incorporated the modeli nt heir code [5].F or the numerical modellingo fn on-ideal explosives, Borg and Jones investigated projectile impact experiments using af ire reaction rate model [6].K apila,S chwendeman, and Bdzil described the Ignition-and-Growth model in af inite-volumem ethod and applied the modeli ns imulation of LX-17 [7,8].S ouers described as implifiedr eactive flow model (JWL ++model) and applied the model in the study of size effect of ANFO K1 [9].T arver and McGuire applied Ignition-and-Growth model in the investigation of detonation waveso fc onfined high explosiveL X-17,P BX 9502, and EDC-35 [10].G arcia and Ta rver further describeda3D Ignition-and-Growth reactive flow model of PBX 9502 and compared simulation with experiment [11].G uilkey,H arman et al described a3 DE ulerian-Lagrangian approach and applied it in the simulation of size effect and copper-confined explosiono fA NFO [12]. Kim and Yoh[ 13] investigated size effect and copper-confined ANFO using an Eulerian method.

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A 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method with Reactive Flow Model for the Simulation of ANFO

Wang

Liu

Peng

et al. 2015

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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] 1IntroductionANFO is an explosivem ixture of ammonium nitrate (AN, 94 wt-%) and fuel oil (FO, 6wt-%) withadensity of 800 to 1000 kg m À3.I ti sk nowna sh ighly non-ideal, high-porosity and low-densitye xplosive, where the fuel and oxidizer are not mixed at the molecularl evel [1,2].D ifferingf rom other explosives such as TNT,i te xhibits special characteristics such as low detonationv elocity,l ong reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters.The characteristics of ANFO have been studied al ot by many researchers throughe xperiments [3,4] and theoretical studies [5].C atanach,H ill, and Davis conducted series of experiments on diameter effect of ANFO, and measured the curvature of detonationf ront using ANFO cylinders [3,4].B dzil and Aslam proposed DetonationS hock Dynamics (DSD) theory that the velocity of detonationn ormal to the shock is solely af unction of the shock curvature, and incorporated the modeli nt heir code [5].F or the numerical modellingo fn on-ideal explosives, Borg and Jones investigated projectile impact experiments using af ire reaction rate model [6].K apila,S chwendeman, and Bdzil described the Ignition-and-Growth model in af inite-volumem ethod and applied the modeli ns imulation of LX-17 [7,8].S ouers described as implifiedr eactive flow model (JWL ++model) and applied the model in the study of size effect of ANFO K1 [9].T arver and McGuire applied Ignition-and-Growth model in the investigation of detonation waveso fc onfined high explosiveL X-17,P BX 9502, and EDC-35 [10].G arcia and Ta rver further describeda3D Ignition-and-Growth reactive flow model of PBX 9502 and compared simulation with experiment [11].G uilkey,H arman et al. described a3 DE ulerian-Lagrangian approach and applied it in the simulation of size effect and copper-confined explosiono fA NFO [12]. Kim and Yoh[ 13] investigated size effect and copper-confined ANFO using an Eulerian method. Besides these continuum models for the mixtures, the purea mmonium nitrate is also an interest in atomistic-level studies,i ncluding mechanicalp roperties [14] and equations of state [15,16].The SPH method was first proposed by Gingold, Monaghan, and Lucy [17, 18] to study astrophysics. Afterwards, due to the advantages of SPH method in tracking moving interfaces and dealingw ith large deformation,i th as been applied to solve fluid dynamic problems and beyond, explosion, andh ypervelocity impact problems. Liu,L iu et al. [19][20][21][22][23]i nvestigated the feasibility of using SPH to simulate explosion of high explosive, underwater explosion, shaped charge detonation, and so on. In this paper,t he SPH method has been applied in the simulation of detonation of 3D ANFO cylinders, where heterogeneous materials and their interaction, phase transformation, large deformation Abstract:A NFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is aw idely used bulk industrial explosive mixture that is considered to be highly "non-ideal" with long reaction zones, low detonation energies, and large failure diameters. Thus,i ts detonation ...

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