Experimental determination of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation: Some principles; illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes

Mariotti, André; Germon, Jean-Claude; Hubert, P.; Kaiser, Phil; Lètolle, René; Tardieux, A.; Tardieux, P

doi:10.1007/bf02374138

Cited by 1,540 publications

(1,416 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to the Rayleigh equation (28), the isotopic composition of the reactant is given by where f is the fraction of reactant remaining, RS is the isotope ratio of reactant at a remaining fraction f, RSo is the initial isotope ratio of the reactant, and R is the fractionation factor. The fractionation factor is defined by (28) where dP13, dP12 are increments of product containing 13 C and 12 C, respectively, which appear at an infinitely short time (instantaneous product) and S13, S12 are the concentration of reactant with 13 C and 12 C, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Oxidation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Permanganate in Groundwater Using Stable Isotopes: Laboratory and Field Studies

Hunkeler

Aravena

Parker

et al. 2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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closest sampling location to the injection point, the δ 13 C rebounded to the initial δ 13 C again, likely due to dissolution of DNAPL. Isotope mass balance calculations made it possible to identify zones where TCE oxidation continued to occur during the rebound phase. The study indicates that δ 13 C values can be used to assess the dynamics between TCE oxidation and dissolution and to locate zones of oxidation of chlorinated ethenes that cannot be identified from the Cl -distribution alone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Oxidation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Permanganate in Groundwater Using Stable Isotopes: Laboratory and Field Studies

Hunkeler

Aravena

Parker

et al. 2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…According to this model, the isotopic composition of the substrate is given by where f is the fraction of substrate remaining, RS is the isotope ratio of substrate at a remaining fraction f, RS o is the initial isotope ratio of the substrate, and R is the fractionation factor. The fractionation factor is defined by (36) where d 13 P and d 12 P are increments of product containing 13 C and 12 C, respectively, which appear in an infinitely short time (instantaneous product), and 13 S and 12 S are the concentration of substrate with 13 C and 12 C, respectively. By using the δ 13 C notation for carbon isotope ratios, eq 1 transforms to where δ 13 CS is the carbon isotope ratio of the substrate at a remaining fraction f, and δ 13 CSo is the initial carbon isotope ratio of the substrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Biodegradation of Benzene

Hunkeler

Andersen

Aravena

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

163

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The main aim of the study was to evaluate hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during biodegradation of benzene as a possible tool to trace the process in contaminated environments. Aerobic biodegradation of benzene by two bacterial isolates, Acinetobacter sp. and Burkholderia sp., was accompanied by significant hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation with hydrogen isotope enrichment factors of -12.8 ( 0.7‰ and -11.2 ( 1.8‰, respectively, and average carbon isotope enrichment factors of -1.46 ( 0.06‰ and -3.53 ( 0.26‰, respectively. Inorganic carbon produced by Acinetobacter sp. was depleted in 13 C by 3.6-6.2‰ as compared to the initial δ 13 C of benzene, while the produced biomass was enriched in 13 C by 3.8‰. The secondary aim was to determine isotope ratios of benzenes from different manufacturers with regard to the use of isotopes for source differentiation. While two of the four analyzed benzenes had similar δ 13 C values, each of them had a distinct δ 2 H-δ 13 C pair and δ 2 H values spread over a range of 66.5‰. Thus, combined analyses of hydrogen and carbon isotopes may be a more promising approach to trace sources and/or biodegradation of benzene than measuring carbon isotopes only.

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“…(3). Equation (3) is valid for the bulk 15 N / 14 N isotope ratios of N 2 O (δ 15 N bulk ) and for both of the two isotopomer isotope ratios (δ 15 N α and δ 15 N β ) (Mariotti et al, 1981;Menyailo and Hungate, 2006;Ostrom et al, 2007;Lewicka-Szczebak et al, 2014). …”

Section: Isotopic Fractionation Associated With N 2 O Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous measurements of nitrous oxide isotopomers during incubation experiments

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is an important and strong greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. It is produced by microbes during nitrification and denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The main sinks for N 2 O are turnover by denitrification and photolysis and photo-oxidation in the stratosphere. In the linear N=N=O molecule 15 N substitution is possible in two distinct positions: central and terminal. The respective molecules, 14 N 15 N 16 O and 15 N 14 N 16 O, are called isotopomers. It has been demonstrated that N 2 O produced by nitrifying or denitrifying microbes exhibits a different relative abundance of the isotopomers. Therefore, measurements of the site preference (difference in the abundance of the two isotopomers) in N 2 O can be used to determine the source of N 2 O, i.e., nitrification or denitrification. Recent instrument development allows for continuous positiondependent δ 15 N measurements at N 2 O concentrations relevant for studies of atmospheric chemistry. We present results from continuous incubation experiments with denitrifying bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens (producing and reducing N 2 O) and Pseudomonas chlororaphis (only producing N 2 O). The continuous measurements of N 2 O isotopomers reveals the transient isotope exchange among KNO 3 , N 2 O, and N 2 . We find bulk isotopic fractionation of −5.01 ‰ ± 1.20 for P. chlororaphis, in line with previous results for production from denitrification. For P. fluorescens, the bulk isotopic fractionation during production of N 2 O is −52.21 ‰ ± 9.28 and 8.77 ‰ ± 4.49 during N 2 O reduction.The site preference (SP) isotopic fractionation for P. chlororaphis is −3.42 ‰ ± 1.69. For P. fluorescens, the calculations result in SP isotopic fractionation values of 5.73 ‰ ± 5.26 during production of N 2 O and 2.41 ‰ ± 3.04 during reduction of N 2 O. In summary, we implemented continuous measurements of N 2 O isotopomers during incubation of denitrifying bacteria and believe that similar experiments will lead to a better understanding of denitrifying bacteria and N 2 O turnover in soils and sediments and ultimately hands-on knowledge on the biotic mechanisms behind greenhouse gas exchange of the globe.

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Experimental determination of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation: Some principles; illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes

Cited by 1,540 publications

References 16 publications

Monitoring Oxidation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Permanganate in Groundwater Using Stable Isotopes: Laboratory and Field Studies

Monitoring Oxidation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Permanganate in Groundwater Using Stable Isotopes: Laboratory and Field Studies

Hydrogen and Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Biodegradation of Benzene

Continuous measurements of nitrous oxide isotopomers during incubation experiments

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