Experimental determination and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-In-Sn system

Abstract

The phase equilibria of the Cu-In-Sn system were investigated by means of the diffusion couple method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and metallography. The isothermal sections at 110-900∞C, as well as vertical sections at 10wt.%Cu-70wt.%Cu were determined. It was found that there are large solubilities of In in the e(Cu 3 Sn), d(Cu 41 Sn 11 ), and h phases in the Cu-Sn system, and large solubilities of Sn in the g, h, and d(Cu 7 In 3 ) phases in the CuIn system. The h phase was found to continuously form from the Cu-In side to the Cu-Sn side, and a ternary compound (Cu 2 In 3 Sn) was found to exist at 110∞C. Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-In-Sn system was also carried out based on experimental data of activity and phase equilibria using the CALPHAD method, in which the Gibbs energies of the liquid, fcc and bcc phases are described by the subregular solution model and that of compounds, including two ternary compounds, are represented by the sublattice model. The thermodynamic parameters for describing the phase equilibria were optimized, and agreement between the calculated and experimental results was obtained.

Surface Tension and its Temperature Coefficient of Liquid Sn-X (X=Ag, Cu) Alloys

“…6, the Gibbs excess free energies of various binary alloys are given. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62] It is found that liquid Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu have negative values.…”

Thermodynamic Study of the Phase Equilibria in the Sn-Ag-Bi-Cu Quaternary System

“…ternary systems To enable a description of the six binary systems Sn-Ag, Sn-Bi, Sn-Cu, Ag-Bi, Ag-Cu and Bi-Cu, the results given by previous reports [3][4][5][6][7] were adopted to maintain an appropriate correspondence of the thermodynamic parameters. Among the four ternary systems that make up the Sn-Ag-Bi-Cu quaternary system, the accepted thermodynamic description of the Sn-Ag-Bi 6) and Sn-Ag-Cu 2) systems were adopted in this study.…”

Thermodynamic calculations in the Cu-In-Sn system

“…Although the Cu-In-Sn system has been studied a lot and there are the phase diagrams which have been calculated [1][2][3][4][5][6], there always is a need for more investigations and calculations in order to expand the existing data.…”

“…Phase equilibria for the system Cu-In-Sn was investigated by Liu et al [6], who used the experimental results (differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy) and optimized values for binary systems. The liquidus projection for the Cu-In-Sn system and 8 isotermal sections at 110-900°C were given by them [6].…”

“…The liquidus projection for the Cu-In-Sn system and 8 isotermal sections at 110-900°C were given by them [6]. Contribution to the phase equilibria in this ternary system was also given by Milosavljević et al [7], who determined the phase diagram of section with Cu:In = 1 : 9 in the Sn-In-Cu ternary system, based on thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy with the energy dispersive X-ray data and applied calcula tion of phase diagrams method (CALP-HAD).…”