Experimental demonstration of CLC and the pressure effect in packed bed reactors using NiO/CaAl2O4 as oxygen carrier

Hamers, H.P.; Gallucci, Fausto; Williams, Gareth; Annaland, Martin van Sint

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.034

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…As a consequence of the heat transport from the reactor bed to the liner and the response delay of the thermocouple, the theoretical maximum temperature is never measured and a lower temperature rise is reached. More information about the effect of the liner, the heat losses to the environment, and the residence time delay can be found in ref 10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this thermocouple construction a response time is observed, which is taken into account when the experimental data are compared with the model. More information about the reactor construction and the response time delay can be found in Hamers et al 10 The reactor feed flow rate and composition are controlled by mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst) and valves. The gas feed is heated by two ovens (2.2 kW each) installed in series before the reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During earlier research with the same the setup, it was demonstrated that the heat capacity of the liner was of great influence. 10 Therefore, an energy balance over the reactor wall was also included. Heat losses to the surroundings have been accounted for assuming heat transfer coefficients and a constant temperature of the surroundings.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al₂O₃ and NiO/CaAl₂O₄ as Oxygen Carriers

Kooiman

Hamers

Gallucci

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Recently, a novel two-stage reactor configuration for packed bed chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has been proposed and studied by numerical simulations. This two-stage CLC consists of two pressurized packed bed reactors connected in series, where the first bed contains an oxygen carrier material which is reactive at relatively low temperatures (450 °C) such as CuO/Cu, while the second bed contains an oxygen carrier which is resistant to relatively high temperatures (typically 1200 °C) such as NiO/Ni. In this work, this two-stage CLC concept has been experimentally demonstrated using CuO/Al2O3 and NiO/CaAl2O4 as bed materials in a high-pressure, high-temperature packed bed reactor. The influence of the operating conditions has been examined, and a validated reactor model has been used to scale up the process to industrial scale. The two-stage CLC concept is successfully demonstrated with a maximum temperature of 839 °C in the second bed. The operating pressure, the throughput during the reduction cycle, and the fuel concentrations have been found to result in small or negligible influences on the maximum temperature rise. This means that they do not affect the TS-CLC performance as long as the cycle time is adopted such that the heat produced in the first reactor bed is exactly transferred to the second bed. It has also been demonstrated that operation at higher pressures (to reach a higher overall process efficiency) does not affect the performance of the TS-CLC reactor. However, the fuel type (H2, syngas, CO, or CH4) strongly influences the temperature increase in the reactor, since it influences to what extent the oxygen carriers can be reduced. The experimental results could be well described by a one-dimensional packed bed reactor model provided that the extent of heat losses and the response time of the thermocouples are properly taken into account. The validated reactor model shows that the desired gas flow rate at 1200 °C can indeed be produced after some small changes in the operating conditions and the active weight content of the oxygen carriers. Therefore, TS-CLC can be regarded as a feasible technology for power production with inherent CO2 capture with high LHV efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al₂O₃ and NiO/CaAl₂O₄ as Oxygen Carriers

Kooiman

Hamers

Gallucci

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Radial temperature and concentration gradients are neglected, the model is assumed to be pseudo-homogeneous and no heat losses are taken into account. The pressure drop is calculated with the Ergun equation [24], because experiments in a lab-scale reactor have shown that this equation describes the pressure drop well [25]. The model equations are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Packed Bed Reactor Model For Clc Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy analysis of two stage packed-bed chemical looping combustion configurations for integrated gasification combined cycles

Hamers

Romano

Spallina

et al. 2015

Energy

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“…Although the second generation of the solid-fueled PCLC is promising, almost no test data and experience are available to initial operation conditions and design parameter selection, and further to project plant performance and cost. Very little information has been reported on kinetics of OCs at elevated pressure [26][27][28][29][30]. However, these data were collected for the understanding of the main characteristics of the gaseous fueled-CLC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluations of solid-fueled pressurized chemical looping combustion – The effects of pressure, solid fuel and iron-based oxygen carriers

et al. 2017

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Coal-based Pressurized Chemical Looping Combustion Combined Cycle (PCLC-CC) is the second generation of coal-fueled CLC plant, which possesses much higher plant efficiency and lower-CO 2 capture cost compare to the first generation-Coal-based CLC combined solely with steam cycle. PCLC-CC has a similar plant configuration to the Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combined Cycle (PFBC), and is composed of a PCLC Island, gas turbine, Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) and steam cycle. In the fuel reactor of PCLC Island, the metal-based oxygen carrier (OC) supplies oxygen for coal combustion and in-situ CO 2 capture. The air reactor of PCLC Island, where OC is re-oxidized by air, serves as a combustion reactor to produce oxygen-depleted air of high temperature and high pressure to drive gas turbine and the followed steam cycle for large-scale power generation. This research provides an initial understanding of the complex reactions in the fuel reactor of solid-fueled PCLC Island in the pressures range of 1-6 bars. Experiments conducted in the TGA apparatus and the fixed-and fluidizedbed reactors demonstrated the effects of operational pressure, coal char reactivity and different iron-based OC's behaviors on the performances of PCLC.

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Experimental demonstration of CLC and the pressure effect in packed bed reactors using NiO/CaAl2O4 as oxygen carrier

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al₂O₃ and NiO/CaAl₂O₄ as Oxygen Carriers

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al₂O₃ and NiO/CaAl₂O₄ as Oxygen Carriers

Energy analysis of two stage packed-bed chemical looping combustion configurations for integrated gasification combined cycles

Experimental evaluations of solid-fueled pressurized chemical looping combustion – The effects of pressure, solid fuel and iron-based oxygen carriers

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Experimental demonstration of CLC and the pressure effect in packed bed reactors using NiO/CaAl2O4 as oxygen carrier

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al2O3 and NiO/CaAl2O4 as Oxygen Carriers

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al2O3 and NiO/CaAl2O4 as Oxygen Carriers

Energy analysis of two stage packed-bed chemical looping combustion configurations for integrated gasification combined cycles

Experimental evaluations of solid-fueled pressurized chemical looping combustion – The effects of pressure, solid fuel and iron-based oxygen carriers

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Resources

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Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al₂O₃ and NiO/CaAl₂O₄ as Oxygen Carriers

Experimental Demonstration of Two-Stage Packed Bed Chemical-Looping Combustion Using Syngas with CuO/Al₂O₃ and NiO/CaAl₂O₄ as Oxygen Carriers