Experimental demonstration of an emission-gated traveling-wave tube amplifier

Fabrication of metallic double-gate field emitter arrays and their electron beam collimation characteristics

“…Research on field emitter arrays (FEAs) has been actively pursued [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] with the aim of realizing high current and high current density cathodes, e.g., for compact microwave vacuum electronic amplifiers, such as traveling wave tubes (TWTs) [14][15][16][17] and compact free electron lasers. 7,18 FEAs are expected to help simplify the gun design and extend the operation range of such TWTs.…”

Highly collimated electron beams from double-gate field emitter arrays with large collimation gate apertures

“…[1][2][3][4] Microwave vacuum electronic devices using single-gate FEAs, which allow for a compact and simplified gun design, have been successfully demonstrated. [5][6][7][8] However, a high current density field-emission electron beam with reduced transverse electron velocity spread is a crucial factor in extending the FEA-based vacuum electronic device technology to higher power densities and frequencies in the terahertz gap. 9,10 In double-gate FEAs, microfabricated field emitters are equipped with an electron extraction gate G ext and a collimation gate G col .…”

Window-assisted nanosphere lithography for vacuum micro-nano-electronics

“…37 Spindt FEAs 38 as the earliest and most mature cold cathodes have been successfully used as electron sources in gyrotrons, 39 klystrons 40 and traveling wave tubes (TWTs). [41][42][43][44] As a demonstration, we fabricated high-density Spindt FEAs which can be used as cold cathodes in vacuum micro-nano-electronic devices by using the window-assisted NSL technique. The details of the fabricating process have been investigated.…”