Experimental Demonstration of 100 Gbps/λ C-Band Direct-Detection Downstream PON Using Non-Linear and CD Compensation with 29 dB+ OPL Over 0 Km–100 Km

PON-FTTX Architecture and Bandwidth Analysis for Future Broadband Communications

“…An electrical pre/post-compensation approach can be used to mitigate major challenges of transmitting high bitrate signals with IM-DD [3,[21][22][23]. Although these introduce an extra cost and complexity to PON technology but, reduce most of the channel impairment challenges [21].…”

“…The complexity of the DSP depends on the nature of the channel, bitrate, and opto/electronic components used for the design. For instance, in [4,23], a very heavy DSP algorithm coupled with highly expensive in-phase and quadrature-MZM (IQ-MZM) was used for 100 Gb/s per wavelength transmitter design. This, of course, increases complexity and cost for PON and may not be an acceptable option for 5G and beyond, at least for now.…”

“…For the post-compensation, a highly impaired optical signal decoded by a PD at the receiver can be equalized electrically to reshape the signal to its original form. PON-FTTX Architecture and Bandwidth Analysis for Future Broadband Communications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114274 Some of the common post-equalizations used for this purpose are FFE, infinite impulse response (IIR), decision feedback equalizer (DFE), continuous time linear equalization (CTLE), maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE), and several other low-heavy DSP equalizations [4,[22][23][24].…”

Overview of high-speed TDM-PON beyond 50 Gbps per wavelength using digital signal processing [Invited Tutorial]

“…For instance, due to the need of higher launch power to achieve the required power budget for ultra-high capacity PON systems, fiber non-linearities, such as Kerr effect, introduce non-negligible power penalties. As an example, in a 100 Gbps PON operated in C-band using digital CD precompensation, and a launch power of +11 dBm, it has been estimated by simulations [40] and experiments [41], a ~2.5 dB penalty directly associated to fiber non-linearities. An example of NL distortions introduced by O/E devices is the non-linear current to optical power conversion that takes place in the optical modulator that has to be admitted to increase the optical modulation amplitude (OMA).…”

“…It was shown that the NN equalizer outperforms VNLE to deal with strong non-linearity. In [41], a simplified square-like function (SQRT) to deal with NL at receiver side is compared against VNLE for a PAM-4 system with 11 dBm of launch power. A power budget up to 34.7 dB and 33 dB is achieved for C-band 16 km operation using VNLE and SQRT, respectively (CD digital precompensation was applied).…”