Experimental Characterization of DI Gasoline Injection Processes

Manin, Julien; Jung, Young-Dae; Skeen, Scott A.; Pickett, Lyle M.; Parrish, Scott; Markle, Lee E.

doi:10.4271/2015-01-1894

Cited by 60 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Table 2 shows that all hole diameters are 7-12% greater than the design dimension. These values were in good agreement with optical microscopy measurements [24]. The inner hole taper was very small, To further investigate the metrology of the nozzle interior, the tomography data were post-filtered using a Chambolle algorithm [63] and isosurfaced using the 'Seg3D' software package [64].…”

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confidence: 58%

“…10. We compare the x-ray radiography to DBI and Mie scattering measurements [24]; good agreement was observed within the uncertainty ranges [45,51] at P inj =1500 bar, P amb =20 bar (open circles).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Isosurfaces which include these defects are available to modelers on request. This geometry has a higher resolution (by a factor of 4.3) and higher SNR than the previously published commercial CT 120 data for these injectors [24]. A more detailed comparison of the various methods of characterizing injector geometries is a matter of ongoing research.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of techniques from multiple institutions have been used, including x-ray tomography, x-ray radiography, ROI, ROM, PDI, and LIF, among others. These new data build upon previously published work, including diffused backlit imaging (DBI), liquid and vapor penetration data from Manin et al [24] and Payri et al [9], Mie and Rayleigh scattering data from Blessinger et al [23], and ROI and ROM data presented by Payri et al [19,59]. Numerical simulations of the internal and near-nozzle flow are also used 55 to explain trends in the experimental data, although a complete discussion of simulation efforts for Spray G is outside the scope of this paper.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…20 A wide range of non-intrusive diagnostics have also been employed to study the spray and entrainment field. These include schlieren and shadowgraphy, Mie and Rayleigh scattering [17,[20][21][22], diffuse backlit illumination (DBI) [23][24][25], particle image velocimetry [12,26,27], laser absorption scattering [28], Raman spectroscopy [29] and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) [30][31][32][33] among others. Phase doppler interferometry (PDI) is also commonly used to measure droplet size and velocity where the flow is sufficiently dilute [21, 22, 25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Duke

Kastengren

Matusik

et al. 2017

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) sprays are complex multiphase flows. When compared to multi-hole diesel sprays, the plumes are closely spaced, and the sprays are more likely to interact. The effects of multi-jet interaction on entrainment and spray targeting can be influenced by small variations in the mass fluxes from the holes, which in turn depend on transients in the needle movement and small-scale details of the internal geometry. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of a multi-institutional effort to experimentally characterize the internal geometry and near-nozzle flow of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray G gasoline injector. In order to develop a complete picture of the near-nozzle flow, a standardized setup was shared between facilities. A wide range of techniques were employed, including both x-ray and visible-light diagnostics. The novel aspects of this work include both new experimental measurements, and a comparison of the results across different techniques and facilities. The breadth and depth of the data reveal phenomena which were not apparent from analysis of the individual data sets. We show that plume-to-plume variations in the mass fluxes from the holes can cause large-scale asymmetries in the entrainment field and spray structure.Both internal flow transients and small-scale geometric features can have an effect on the external flow. The sharp turning angle of the flow into the holes also causes an inward vectoring of the plumes relative to the hole drill angle, which increases with time due to entrainment of gas into a low-pressure region between the plumes. These factors increase the likelihood of spray collapse with longer injection durations.

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confidence: 58%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Duke

Kastengren

Matusik

et al. 2017

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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Effect of ambient temperature on flash-boiling spray characteristics for a multi-hole gasoline injector

2019

Exp Fluids

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Development of limited-view tomography for measurement of Spray G plume direction and liquid volume fraction

et al. 2020

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The method for direct injection of fuel in the cylinder of an IC engines is important to high-efficiency and low-emission performance. Optical spray diagnostics plays an important role in understanding plume movement and interaction for multihole injectors, and providing baseline understanding used for computational optimization of fuel delivery. Traditional planar or line-of-sight diagnostics fail to capture the liquid distribution because of optical thickness concerns. This work proposes a high-speed (67 kHz) extinction imaging technique at various injector rotations coupled to computed tomography (CT) for time-resolved reconstruction of liquid volume fraction in three dimensions. The number of views selected and processing were based on synthetic (modeled) liquid volume fraction data where extinction and CT adequately reconstructed each plume. The exercise showed that for an 8-hole, symmetric-design injector (ECN Spray G), only three different views are enough to reproduce the direction of each plume, and particularly the mean plume direction. Therefore, the number of views was minimized for experiments to save expense. Measurements applying this limited-view technique confirm plume-plume variations also detected with mechanical patternation, while providing better spatial and temporal resolution than achieved previously. Uncertainties due to the limited view within pressurized spray chambers, the droplet size, and optically thick regions are discussed.

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Experimental Characterization of DI Gasoline Injection Processes

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Internal and near nozzle measurements of Engine Combustion Network “Spray G” gasoline direct injectors

Effect of ambient temperature on flash-boiling spray characteristics for a multi-hole gasoline injector

Development of limited-view tomography for measurement of Spray G plume direction and liquid volume fraction

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