Experimental breakdown of peri‐implant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog

Abstract

The objective of the present experiment was to study lesions in the peri-implant and periodontal tissues resulting from ligature placement and subgingival plaque formation. The experiment was performed in 5 beagle dogs which at the start of the study were about 15 months old. They were given a diet which allowed gross plaque formation. The mandibular right premolars were extracted, 3 fixtures (a.m. Brånemark) installed and abutment connection performed. Towards the end of a 6-month plaque control period, a clinical and radiographic examination was performed. Ligatures were placed in a subgingival position at 2 of the implants and the contralateral premolars. Plaque was allowed to accumulate. After 6 weeks, the ligatures were removed. 1 month later, the clinical and radiographical examination was repeated and samples from the subgingival microbiota obtained. Biopsies from the teeth and implant sites were harvested and processed for histometric and morphometric analyses. The results from the clinical and histological examinations revealed that: (i) clinical and radiographic signs of tissue destruction were more pronounced at implants than at teeth; (ii) the size of the soft tissue lesion was larger at implants than at teeth; (iii) the lesion at implants but not at teeth extended into the bone marrow.

History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease

“…Thus, several studies report a remarkable difference between lesions present in the periodontium and in the peri-implant tissue (22,23). The inflammatory cell infiltrate in the periimplant mucosa is greater and it extends more apically when compared with a similar lesion in the gingival tissue (24).…”

MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 Gene Polymorphisms in Brazilian Chronic Periodontitis and Periimplantitis Subjects

“…The periimplant mucosa is less capable of recovering from lesions associated with plaque than the gingiva (18,19). However, most of the volunteers who received implants have a history of periodontitis and, therefore, a destructive inflammatory tissue response as consequence of microbiota changes.…”

The Role Played by Implant Surfaces during the Healing and the Maintenance of Soft Tissue

“…They also assumed in consequence that a sort of reduced roughness was essential to delay the appearance of plaque and its maturation. Baldi et al [4] evaluated soft tissue reaction to smooth and rough surfaces; this was performed in vivo using special healing screws whose surface was rough. In detail, after insertion of Full Osseotite implants (with no smooth collar), abutments with an etched surface were screwed on; the other group had Osseotite implants, with a smooth collar, onto which traditional smooth abutments were screwed.…”