Experimental approach and simulation of the retention processes limiting orthophosphate transport in groundwater

Isenbeck‐Schröter, Margot; Döring, Ute; Möller, Andreas; Schröter, Jürgen; Mattheß, Georg

doi:10.1016/0169-7722(93)90036-r

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The SGD input of phosphorus is massively inferior to its nitrogen and silicon contribution on a molar basis as a result of the differential mobility of phosphorus in soils compared to the other species (Appelo and Postma 1993). Contrary to N and Si, P has high adsorption affinity for calcium carbonates (Cole et al 1953;Freeman and Rowell 1981;House and Donaldson 1986;Isenbeck-Schröter et al 1993) and it is therefore unsurprising to see that P mobility is reduced within the Gort karst system. Indeed, phosphorus leeching from agricultural soils and septic tanks is effectively attenuated very close to the source input (Spiteri et al 2007).…”

Section: Allochthonous Nutrient Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention and fate of groundwater-borne nitrogen in a coastal bay (Kinvara Bay, Western Ireland) during summer

Rocha

Wilson

Scholten³

et al. 2015

Biogeochemistry

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The magnitude of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and its contribution to nitrogen biogeochemistry in a small embayment in the Western Coast of Ireland subject to occasional hypoxia were investigated during summer. Time series (24 h) of 222 Rn, NO 3 -, NO 2 -, NH 4 ?, dissolved reactive silicate (DRSi) and salinity (and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (July 2013) were measured at the mouth of the bay and coupled with relevant sediment-water fluxes and input loadings to derive nutrient budgets. In-situ activity ratios of the naturally occurring radium isotopes 224 Ra and 223 Ra were employed in parallel to the freshwater fraction method to determine the timescale of freshwater retention in the system. Based on 222 Rn mass balances (n = 4), the mean groundwater (±SE) discharge into Kinvara Bay was 10.4 ± 6.3910 4 m 3 days -1 , delivering average loads of 376 ± 67 kg Si day -1 (as DRSi), 1.6 ± 0.2 kg P day -1 (as TDP) and *280 kg N day -1 of dissolved nitrogen (272 ± 49 DIN, essentially as NO 3 -, and 8.2 ± 1.6 DON), which correspond to *98.8, 49.1 and *93.5 % of total allochthonous nutrient inputs respectively. Expressed on an areal basis and annual scale the exogenous N summer loading of Kinvara is equivalent to 25.9 g N m -2 year -1 . Our biogeochemical budgets indicate that tight benthicpelagic coupling contributes to the very high retention levels of N within the bay with subtidal sediments acting as a link in the internal N cycle via DNRA, while *18 % of the exogenous N load is removed by benthic denitrification. Rapid cycling of DON into bioavailable forms of N within the timescale of freshwater retention in the system (*7 days) contributes *50 % to local biological N fixation. Nutrient availability ratios are N:P *173 and Si:P *503, indicating that primary production is P-limited while the carbon yield (*3.01 9 10 5 mol C day -1 , or *0.313 kg C m -2 year -1 ) suggests the bay is eutrophic during the summer. SGD-borne Nitrogen loading is therefore the major driver of eutrophication in Kinvara Bay. Our biogeochemical characterization is consistent with the observed phytoplankton community composition and species succession and justifies the local observation of HAB's. In addition, the relative magnitude of DNRA-promoted N retention compared to N removal by denitrification, coupled with seasonal hypoxia, suggests that the system is advanced in Responsible Editor:

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Section: Allochthonous Nutrient Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention and fate of groundwater-borne nitrogen in a coastal bay (Kinvara Bay, Western Ireland) during summer

Rocha

Wilson

Scholten³

et al. 2015

Biogeochemistry

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“…Perhaps the most important of these uncertainties is the extent to which concentrations in samples collected from groundwater are maintained in transfers to the surface water receptor or wetland (House, 2003). These transfers may be affected by (1) adsorption reactions within the saturated zone (Isenbeck-Schröter et al, 1993;Stollenwerk, 1996); (2) processes within the riparian or hyporheic zone, which retain and/or release P depending on seasonally variable environmental conditions (Hendricks and White, 2000;Carlyle and Hill, 2001;Prior and Johnes, 2002;Griffioen, 2006); and (3) whether groundwater P enters the surface water body through discrete entry points (e.g. Howden et al, 2004) rather than diffuse inflow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus in groundwater—an overlooked contributor to eutrophication?

Holman

Whelan

Howden

et al. 2008

Hydrological Processes

187

144

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This paper presents the first international assessment of phosphorus concentrations in groundwater, using data from the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. Phosphorus is considered to be the main limiting nutrient in most freshwater ecosystems. Controlling phosphorus inputs is thus considered the key to reducing eutrophication and managing ecological quality. Very little attention has been paid to evaluating transfers via groundwater due to the long-held belief that adsorption and metal complex formation retain the majority of potentially mobile phosphorus. In each country, ecologically-important phosphorus thresholds are exceeded in a significant number of groundwater samples. The relative contributions of potential sources for these elevated concentrations are currently unclear but there is evidence to suggest that they are at least partly anthropogenic. The results suggest that groundwater P concentrations are such that they may be a more important contributor to surface water phosphorus than previously thought. Copyright ¸ 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…Reactive phosphate in the aquifer is mostly present as dissolved inorganic phosphate (Slomp and Van Cappellen, ) while little is known about concentrations of dissolved organic phosphate in groundwater (Kalbitz et al, ). Fast surface sorption of the dominant forms of phosphate, which are HPO 4 2− and H 2 PO 4 − , occur by anion exchange (Isenbeck‐Schröter et al, ; Ptacek, ; Robertson, ) onto positively charged mineral surfaces such as Al‐containing, Mn(IV)‐containing and Fe(III)‐containing oxides and (oxy)hydroxides, and calcite (e.g., Wilhelm et al, ; Ptacek, ; Zanini et al, ; Spiteri et al, ); onto clay surfaces by complexing with calcium, aluminium and iron (Loeb and Goldman, ; Ptacek, ); and onto solid organic carbon (Harman et al, ).…”

Section: Phosphorus In Seepagementioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater – the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients

Lewandowski

Meinikmann

Nützmann

et al. 2015

Hydrological Processes

143

117

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Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) transports nutrients from a catchment to a lake, which may fuel eutrophication, one of the major threats to our fresh waters. Unfortunately, LGD has often been disregarded in lake nutrient studies. Most measurement techniques are based on separate determinations of volume and nutrient concentration of LGD: Loads are calculated by multiplying seepage volumes by concentrations of exfiltrating water. Typically low phosphorus (P) concentrations of pristine groundwater often are increased due to anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, manure or sewage. Mineralization of naturally present organic matter might also increase groundwater P. Reducing redox conditions favour P transport through the aquifer to the reactive aquifer-lake interface. In some cases, large decreases of P concentrations may occur at the interface, for example, due to increased oxygen availability, while in other cases, there is nearly no decrease in P. The high reactivity of the interface complicates quantification of groundwater-borne P loads to the lake, making difficult clear differentiation of internal and external P loads to surface water. Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen (N) in groundwater are similar to those of phosphate. However, the environmental fate of N differs fundamentally from P because N occurs in several different redox states, each with different mobility. While nitrate behaves essentially conservatively in most oxic aquifers, ammonium's mobility is similar to that of phosphate. Nitrate may be transformed to gaseous N 2 in reducing conditions and permanently removed from the system. Biogeochemical turnover of N is common at the reactive aquifer-lake interface. Nutrient loads from LGD were compiled from the literature. Groundwater-borne P loads vary from 0.74 to 2900 mg PO 4 -P m À2 year À1 ; for N, these loads vary from 0.001 to 640 g m À2 year À1 . Even small amounts of seepage can carry large nutrient loads due to often high nutrient concentrations in groundwater. Large spatial heterogeneity, uncertain areal extent of the interface and difficult accessibility make every determination of LGD a challenge. However, determinations of LGD are essential to effective lake management. a The method to estimate maximum natural groundwater concentrations is described in Wendland et al. (2005). Unfortunately, the values for phosphate are only published in German in Kunkel et al. (2004).

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Experimental approach and simulation of the retention processes limiting orthophosphate transport in groundwater

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Retention and fate of groundwater-borne nitrogen in a coastal bay (Kinvara Bay, Western Ireland) during summer

Retention and fate of groundwater-borne nitrogen in a coastal bay (Kinvara Bay, Western Ireland) during summer

Phosphorus in groundwater—an overlooked contributor to eutrophication?

Groundwater – the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients

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