Experimental Application of Virtual Reality for Nicotine Craving through Cue Exposure

Lee, Jang-Han; Ku, Jeonghun; Kim, Kwanguk; Kim, Byoungnyun; Kim, In-Young; Yang, Byung-Hwan; Kim, Seok Hyeon; Wiederhold, Brenda K.; Wiederhold, Mark D.; Park, Dongwoo; Lim, Youngsik; Kim, Sun I.

doi:10.1089/109493103322011560

Cited by 95 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While many of these areas showed continued activation to smoking related cues (relative to neutral cues), two areas in the prefrontal cortex (superior and inferior gyrii) showed reduced activation after VR-CET. There were no significant decreases in self reported craving, though there was some evidence that participants reduced their morning smoking levels over the course of the six sessions In summary, it appears that cues presented in VR environment are more salient than static picture cues [8]. The evidence in VR studies reviewed here did not confirm that VR can lead to extinction of drug-related cue-induced craving.…”

Section: Virtual Reality Studiescontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Lee et al [8] compared the impact of VR and static pictures on craving levels. Twenty-two smokers were assigned to either the VR condition, consisting of a virtual smoking environment or static pictures; with results demonstrating that VR methods produced higher changes in craving than did static pictures.…”

Section: Virtual Reality Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these studies, the majority were methodological in nature and only four were randomized clinical trials meeting criteria of randomization, comparison therapy, and outcomes related to substance use [21,[23][24][25]. Four methodological studies used virtual reality technology [8][9][10][11]. Initial evidence suggests that virtual cues may be substantially more salient than static picture cues [8], though even among these studies a significant reduction in craving after cue exposure was not always observed [9,11].…”

Section: Recent Efficacy Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Addictive Disorders: A Review Update

Martin¹,

LaRowe²,

Malcolm³

2013

TOADDJ

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Abstract:Objectives: To evaluate the role of cue exposure therapy in addiction treatment.Methods: A Pubmed/PsycInfo literature search was performed for cue exposure treatments for addictions from 2002 to 2009. Findings:We located sixteen cue exposure therapy studies involving multiple addictions that were conducted between 2002 and 2009. Four of these studies consisted of clinical efficacy trials that assessed drug use after Cue Exposure Therapy (CET). In three of the four trials, cue exposure was no better or worse than the comparison therapy. Two trials showed somewhat worse retention in those receiving CET and one appeared to have higher relapse rates in those receiving CET. We did not find evidence of safety concerns in any of the four trials. Several promising methodological innovations included use of virtual reality, medication augmentation, investigation of renewal effects, use of fMRI methods, and study of individual differences.Conclusions: Superior efficacy for CET over other forms of general treatment has not been demonstrated. However, research in this area may yet be advanced through adequately powered, multi-site CET trials combining multiple methodological innovations including investigation of individual differences and medication augmentation. Until such trials are conducted, cue exposure treatment for addiction will remain a speculative and uncommonly used therapy in clinical settings.

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Section: Virtual Reality Studiescontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Virtual Reality Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Efficacy Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Addictive Disorders: A Review Update

Martin¹,

LaRowe²,

Malcolm³

2013

TOADDJ

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“…In particular, researchers created virtual environments to evoke a desire for nicotine and utilized virtual realityenhanced CET, ultimately finding the advanced technology to be more effective in eliciting craving symptoms than traditional approaches [16].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Smoking Cessation–Designed for Teens, by Teens

Wiederhold¹,

Miller²,

Wiederhold³

2017

TOFAMSJ

Self Cite

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Introduction:Today, about 90% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. As the largest preventable cause of disease and death in the United States, tobacco use accounts for nearly 500,000 deaths and hundreds of billions of dollars to care for smoking-related illnesses every year. While most smoking cessation programs are geared toward adults, there is a void in attempts to curb teen smoking. Objective:With funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Virtual Reality Medical Center (VRMC) sought to create a more effective way to help teens quit smoking. Utilizing cue exposure therapy to eliminate the association of smoking with objects and activities, the program uses virtual environments containing smoking cues to elicit the addictive behaviors and teach the users how to recognize and resist these triggers. Method:In a novel approach, VRMC recruited students from a local high school to aid in the design and development of virtual worlds in order to create an entertaining and effective program for teens. Researchers and the participants of this TeenSmoking program created a variety of anti-smoking environments ranging from scenarios at home, to peer pressure situations at school, all intended to elicit and educate users on addictive smoking behaviors. Conclusion:With past clinical success, researchers at VRMC hope to continue to implement widely available teen smoking cessation programs with enhanced usability, graphics, and multiplayer functionality. Overall, researchers hope to advance more comprehensive use of virtual reality to curb teen smoking addictions.

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“…The studies by Bordnick et al employ VR to induce craving with good results, using virtual paraphernalia or avatars smoking in bars or parties as cues. 23,26 Lee et al's studies used a virtual bar, 27 while Baumann and Sayette (2006) developed a complex virtual world with smoking craving cues but based on the reported urges of just five smokers. Some previous research set out to identify the triggers or cues for smoking craving or relapse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Specific Cues and Contexts Related to Smoking Craving for the Development of Effective Virtual Environments

García–Rodríguez

Ferrer-García

Pericot‐Valverde

et al. 2011

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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Craving is considered the main variable associated with relapse after smoking cessation. Cue Exposure Therapy (CET) consists of controlled and repeated exposure to drug-related cues with the aim of extinguishing craving responses. Some virtual reality (VR) environments, such as virtual bars or parties, have previously shown their efficacy as tools for eliciting smoking craving. However, in order to adapt this technology to smoking cessation interventions, there is a need for more diverse environments that enhance the probability of generalization of extinction in real life. The main objective of this study was to identify frequent situations that produce smoking craving, as well as detecting specific craving cues in those contexts. Participants were 154 smokers who responded to an ad hoc self-administered inventory for assessing craving level in 12 different situations. Results showed that having a drink in a bar/pub at night, after having lunch/dinner in a restaurant and having a coffee in a cafe or after lunch/dinner at home were reported as the most craving-inducing scenarios. Some differences were found with regard to participants' gender, age, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Females, younger people, and heavier smokers reported higher levels of craving in most situations. In general, the most widely cited specific cues across the contexts were people smoking, having a coffee, being with friends, and having finished eating. These results are discussed with a view to their consideration in the design of valid and reliable VR environments that could be used in the treatment of nicotine addicts who wish to give up smoking.

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Experimental Application of Virtual Reality for Nicotine Craving through Cue Exposure

Cited by 95 publications

References 7 publications

Progress in Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Addictive Disorders: A Review Update

Progress in Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Addictive Disorders: A Review Update

Virtual Reality Smoking Cessation–Designed for Teens, by Teens

Identifying Specific Cues and Contexts Related to Smoking Craving for the Development of Effective Virtual Environments

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