Progress in Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Addictive Disorders: A Review Update

Martin, Temeia; LaRowe, Steven D.; Malcolm, Robert

doi:10.2174/1874941001003010092

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Treatments that specifically focus on cues, such as cue exposure therapy have been disappointing most notably due to the context specificity of extinction (Conklin & Tiffany, 2002; Havermans & Jansen, 2003; Martin, LaRowe, & Malcolm, 2010). Mainstay smoking cessation treatments may propagate smoking cue-induced craving by counseling smokers to avoid smoking cues or to suppress the craving through alternative behaviors (Fiore & Jaen, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can repetitive mental simulation of smoking engender habituation?

Audrain-McGovern¹,

Aa²,

Ep³

2016

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Smoking cue exposure sensitizes smokers to cigarettes (i.e., increases cravings). Research examining the overlap between perception and mental imagery suggests that mentally simulating smoking a cigarette in a manner analogous to actually smoking should lead to habituation or a decrease in a smoker’s motivation to smoke. We sought to determine whether repetitive mental simulation of smoking can engender habituation thereby reducing smoking cue-induced craving and shifts in mood, latency to smoke, and the hedonic response to smoking. These hypotheses were tested in non-treatment seeking smokers (n=61; 24 female/ 37male) ages 18–55 years old, who were not incentivized to quit. We used a 2 (In Vivo Cue: Smoking, Neutral) x 2 (Imagery: Repetitive, Limited) within-subjects design. Results revealed that repetitive imagery altered the effect of cue type for negative mood and subjective cigarette reward as evidenced by significant imagery x cue interactions. Repetitive imagery after a smoking cue reduced negative mood more than limited imagery (β = −1.19, p = .004). Repetitive imagery also reduced the reward derived from smoking a cigarette more than limited imagery (β = −.41, p < .0001). Only main effects of cue type on craving (β = 3.39, p = .01) and positive mood (β = −1.18, p = .03) were found. Greater imagery strength predicted a longer latency to smoke (β = .76, p = .001). Cognitive strategies that directly engage cue-induced craving through repetitive smoking imagery may reduce smoking cue-induced increases in negative mood and reward from a cigarette lapse potentially preventing smoking relapse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can repetitive mental simulation of smoking engender habituation?

Audrain-McGovern¹,

Aa²,

Ep³

2016

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…This suggests potential for exercise to aid smokers in coping with cue-induced craving where other methods have failed, an important possibility given that cue-induced craving is not alleviated by nicotine replacement (Tiffany, Cox, & Elash, 2000) and can continue much longer than abstinence-induced withdrawal. Moreover, although two studies have demonstrated reduction in cue-induced craving during treatment with varenicline (Brandon et al, 2011; Franklin et al, 2011) other studies have not found this effect (e.g., Hitsman et al, 2013); and, behavioral techniques aimed at reducing cue-induced craving have also consistently failed (Conklin & Tiffany, 2002a, 2002b; Martin et al, 2010). The current finding is in line with other studies examining the impact of physical activity during very brief abstinence (several hours) on cue-induced craving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exacerbating the difficulty of quitting, smokers readily report that confrontation with cues associated with smoking is another vital aspect of their inability to stay quit (Shiffman et al, 2007). Unfortunately, past attempts to attenuate such cue-reactivity through nicotine replacement and/or behavioral exposure treatment have consistently failed (Conklin & Tiffany, 2002a; Ferguson & Shiffman, 2009; Martin, LaRowe, & Malcolm, 2010). Therefore, treatment adjuncts capable of reducing not only abstinence-induced craving and negative mood, but cue-induced craving as well, may significantly enhance current smoking cessation treatments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise attenuates negative effects of abstinence during 72 hours of smoking deprivation.

Conklin¹,

Soreca²,

Kupfer³

et al. 2017

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Exercise is presumed to be a potentially helpful smoking cessation adjunct reputed to attenuate the negative effects of deprivation. The present study examined the effectiveness of moderate within-session exercise to reduce four key symptoms of smoking deprivation during three 72-hour nicotine abstinence blocks in both male and female smokers. Forty-nine (25 male, 24 female) sedentary smokers abstained from smoking for three consecutive days on three separate occasions. At each session, smokers’ abstinence-induced craving, cue-induced craving, negative mood, and withdrawal symptom severity were assessed prior to and after either exercise (AM exercise, PM Exercise) or a sedentary control activity (Magazine reading). Abstinence-induced craving and negative mood differed as a function of condition, F(2,385)=21, p< 0.0001, and F(2,385) = 3.38, p= 0.03. Planned contrasts revealed no difference between AM and PM exercise, but exercise overall led to greater pre-post reduction in abstinence-induced craving, t(385)=6.23, p< 0.0001, effect size Cohen’s d = 0.64, and negative mood, t(385)= 2.25, p= 0.03, d = 0.23. Overall exercise also led to a larger pre-post reduction in cue-induced craving in response to smoking cues, F(2,387) = 8.94, p = 0.0002, and withdrawal severity, F(2,385) = 3.8, p= 0.02. Unlike the other three measures, PM exercise reduced withdrawal severity over control, t(385) = 2.64, p = .009, d = 0.27, whereas AM exercise did not. The results support the clinical potential of exercise to assist smokers in managing common and robust negative symptoms experienced during the first 3 days of abstinence.

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“…CET, however, has limits on the nature of environmental cues that can be simulated, the degree of sense of "immersion" and reality, and has also shown decreased efficacy over time. Thus a virtual reality variation of cue exposure treatment, the Virtual Environment-CET (VR-CET), has been developed as an alternative to CET [80,81]. To explore VR-CET treatment effects fMRI was conducted on eight adolescents who were cigarette smokers before and after they received VR-CET [81].…”

Section: Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus a virtual reality variation of cue exposure treatment, the Virtual Environment-CET (VR-CET), has been developed as an alternative to CET [80,81]. To explore VR-CET treatment effects fMRI was conducted on eight adolescents who were cigarette smokers before and after they received VR-CET [81]. (No comparison treatment was assessed.)…”

Section: Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%