Experimental apparatus for the measurement of non-linear stopping of low-energy heavy ions

Beam–plasma interaction experiments using electromagnetically driven shock waves

“…Thus, to sustain the large pressure difference between the shock tube and the beam line, we adopted a two-stage differential pumping system as shown in Fig. 7 [16]. In the first stage of the differential pumping, a couple of 100-mmdiameter apertures on the tube wall sustained a pressure difference of order kPa between the shock tube and the intermediate chamber.…”

“…Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements revealed that the plasma density and temperature behind the shock front has an appropriate spatial and temporal distribution to be used as a target for interaction experiments [15]. On the other hand, an energy loss measurement system compatible with gas targets has been developed in parallel with shock tube development [16,17]. In this system we adopted a twostage differential pumping to confine the target gas and a silicon semiconductor detector to directly measure the energy of single ions.…”

“…Thus, we used a beam energy measurement system based on a fast beam kicker and a silicon semiconductor detector [16]. In this system the kicker clipped a pulsed beam of 200 ns duration from a dc beam supplied by an electrostatic accelerator.…”