Experimental and simulation-based comparative analysis of different parameters of PV module

Koondhar, Mohsin Ali; Laghari, Imtiaz Ali; Asfaw, Belay Million; Kumar, Raj; Allasi, Haiter Lenin

doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01197

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A plot of (αhc) 2 vs. E (h] in eV allows an estimate of the "Eg" and is shown in Figure 5(e). Te Eg value of the undoped CdO flm is 2.52 eV, which decreases to 2.05 eV for the flm fabricated with 10 wt.…”

Section: Edax For Compositionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a nonlinear medium, the polarisation of light is given by (P NL ) [26] P � X (1) • E + P NL . (10) In the abovementioned equation, P NL � χ (2) E + χ (3) E. P is the polarizability, χ (1) depicts the conventional linear response, χ (2) represents the 2 nd , and χ (3) is the 3 rd -order NLO susceptibilities, respectively. NLO materials are extremely important in photonic devices.…”

Section: Tird Order Nonlinear Optical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are widely used in optoelectronic devices such as fat panel displays, organic light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, heat refectors, and energy-efcient windows because they are electrically conductive and optically transparent [1][2][3]. CdO is a promising transparent conducting oxide (TCO) due to its high electrical conductivity (<10 3 Ω −1 •cm −1 ) and its direct band gap of 2.2 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of CdO Nanocrystalline Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Bairy¹,

Somayaji²,

Marakala³

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In the current work, the authors aim to present an insight on the role of cobalt (Co) doping for the structural, morphological, and linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CdO thin films. The films were prepared using the spray pyrolysis (SP) technique, and the weight % of Co (x) was varied from 0–10. The structural properties of the films were confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) studies and are polycrystalline with a cubic structure and a lattice parameter of 0.4658 nm. As Co content in CdO films increases, cluster grain size and porosity decrease significantly, as seen in surface topographic and nanostructural analysis. Through the Burstein–Moss shift, the optical band gap “Eg” in Co: CdO film decreases from 2.52 to 2.05 eV with the increase in Co-doping. To study the NLO parameters, open aperture (OA) and closed aperture (CA) Z-scan measurements were performed using the diode-pumped solid-state continuous wave laser excitation (532 nm), and with the increased Co-content, the NLO parameters—nonlinear absorption coefficient (β∼10−3 cm/W), nonlinear refractive index n 2 ∼ 10−8 cm2/W), and the 3rd-order NLO susceptibility χ 3 ∼ 10−7 to 10−6 e.s.u.) values were determined and found to be enhanced. The maximum NLO parameters achieved in the present study with increasing Co concentration on CdO nanostructures prepared by the SP method are found to be the highest among the reported values and suggest that processed films are a capable material for optoelectronic sensor applications.

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Section: Edax For Compositionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tird Order Nonlinear Optical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of CdO Nanocrystalline Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Bairy¹,

Somayaji²,

Marakala³

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Other than that, a PV module that is not linked to the utility grid is called a standalone PV system. PV systems consist of several components to meet the goal of each system [4]. [3] said that GCPV and stand-alone PV have different components and configurations, thus both have different performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a stand-alone PV needs batteries to keep excess electricity generated by the solar panels, and this type of PV system is usually for the consumer that lives far from the city [3]. Figure 2 illustrates the types of PV systems in a hierarchy chart [4]. A single GCPV system usually consists of power conditioning units, inverters, solar panels, and grid connection equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Modeling for Microgrid

Zulkifly

Yusoff

Tumeran

et al. 2023

IIUMEJ

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In the age of technology, microgrids have become well known because of their capability to back up the grid when an unpleasant event is about to occur or during power disruptions, at any time. However, the microgrid will not function well during power disruptions if the controller does not respond fast enough and the BESS will be affected. Many types of controllers can be used for microgrid systems. The controllers may take the form of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Controller, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller, and Model Predictive Controller (MPC). Each of the controllers stated has its functions for the microgrid. However, two controllers that must be considered are PID and MPC. Both controllers will be compared based on their efficiency results which can be obtained through simulations by observing both graphs in charging and discharging states. Most researchers implied that MPC is better than PID because of several factors such as MPC is more robust and stable because of its complexity. Other than that, MPC can handle more inputs and outputs than PID which can cater to one input and output only. Although MPC has many benefits over the PID, still it is not ideal due to its complex algorithm. This work proposed an algorithm of simulations for the MPC to operate to get the best output for microgrid and BESS and compare the performance of MPC with PID. Using Simulink and MATLAB as the main simulation software is a very ideal way to simulate the dynamic performance of MPC. Furthermore, with Simulink, unpredictable variables such as Renewable Energy (RE) sources input and loads demands that are related to MPC can be measured easily. The algorithm of MPC is a cost function. Then the performance of the MPC is calculated using Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Lower THD means a higher power factor, this results in higher efficiency. This paper recorded THD of 9.57% and 12.77% in charging states and 16.51% and 18.15% in discharging states of MPC. Besides, PID recorded THD of 22.10% and 29.73% in charging states and 84.29% and 85.58% in discharging states. All of the recorded THD is below 25% in MPC and it shows a good efficiency while PID’s THD is above 25% shows its inefficiency. ABSTRAK: Pada zaman teknologi, mikrogrid menjadi terkenal kerana keupayaannya untuk menjana kuasa grid apabila kejadian yang tidak menyenangkan bakal berlaku atau ketika terjadinya gangguan kuasa, pada bila-bila masa. Walau bagaimanapun, mikrogrid tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik semasa gangguan kuasa jika alat kawalan tidak bertindak balas dengan cukup pantas dan BESS akan terjejas. Banyak alat kawalan (pengawal) boleh digunakan bagi keseluruhan sistem mikrogrid. Setiap pengawal adalah berbeza seperti Pengawal Penjejakan Titik Kuasa Maksimum (MPPT), Pengawal Berkadar Terbitan Kamilan (PID) dan Pengawal Model Ramalan (MPC). Setiap pengawal yang dinyatakan mempunyai fungsinya yang tersendiri bagi mikrogrid. Walau bagaimanapun, dua pengawal yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah PID dan MPC. Kedua-dua pengawal ini akan dibandingkan berdasarkan keputusan kecekapan yang boleh didapati melalui simulasi dengan memerhati kedua-dua graf pada keadaan pengecasan dan nyahcas. Ramai penyelidik menganggap bahawa MPC adalah lebih baik berbanding PID kerana beberapa faktor seperti MPC lebih teguh dan stabil kerana kerumitannya. Selain itu, MPC dapat mengendalikan lebih banyak input dan output berbanding PID yang hanya dapat menyediakan satu input dan output sahaja. Walaupun MPC mempunyai banyak faedah berbanding PID, ianya masih tidak sesuai kerana algoritma yang kompleks. Kajian ini mencadangkan algoritma simulasi bagi MPC beroperasi mendapatkan output terbaik untuk mikrogrid dan BESS dan membandingkan prestasi MPC dengan PID. Perisian simulasi utama yang sangat ideal bagi mensimulasi prestasi dinamik MPC adalah dengan menggunakan Simulink dan MATLAB. Tambahan, dengan Simulink, pembolehubah yang tidak terjangka seperti sumber Tenaga Boleh Diperbaharui (RE) dan permintaan beban yang berkaitan MPC boleh diukur dengan mudah. Algoritma MPC adalah satu fungsi kos. Kemudian prestasi MPC dikira menggunakan Penjelmaan Fourier Pantas (FFT) dan Total Pengherotan Harmonik (THD). THD yang lebih rendah bermakna faktor kuasa meningkat, ini menghasilkan kecekapan yang lebih tinggi. Kajian ini mencatatkan THD sebanyak 9.57% dan 12.77% dalam keadaan mengecas dan 16.51% dan 18.15% dalam keadaan nyahcas oleh MPC. Selain itu, PID mencatatkan THD sebanyak 22.10% dan 29.73% dalam keadaan mengecas dan 84.29% dan 85.58% dalam keadaan nyahcas. Semua THD yang direkodkan adalah di bawah 25% bagi MPC dan ia menunjukkan kecekapan yang baik manakala THD bagi PID adalah melebihi 25% menunjukkan ketidakcekapan.

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Renewable energy sources‐based hybrid microgrid system for off‐grid electricity solution for rural communities

Ali

Riaz

Koondhar

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Rural electrification is a crucial component of meeting sustainable development goals. In Pakistan, load shedding and power outages are frequent. According to the current data, Pakistan is experiencing a shortfall of power between 6000 and 6500 MW. Microgrid technology has the potential to provide a solution to this problem in an efficient and low‐cost manner. This paper proposes the development of a hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) for rural communities. For that purpose, a technological analysis of the HMGS system for rural electrification is performed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind resource‐based renewable energy systems are considered in this work for the electrification of rural areas of Pakistan. A hybrid PV/wind system is designed using MATLAB software. Simulation results show that a 230‐V sinusoidal output voltage has been produced by the proposed model. The advantage of this model is that it minimizes the impact of transients and provides a sinusoidal output waveform.

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Experimental and simulation-based comparative analysis of different parameters of PV module

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Role of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of CdO Nanocrystalline Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Role of Cobalt Doping on the Physical Properties of CdO Nanocrystalline Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Modeling for Microgrid

Renewable energy sources‐based hybrid microgrid system for off‐grid electricity solution for rural communities

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