Renewable energy sources‐based hybrid microgrid system for off‐grid electricity solution for rural communities

Abstract

Rural electrification is a crucial component of meeting sustainable development goals. In Pakistan, load shedding and power outages are frequent. According to the current data, Pakistan is experiencing a shortfall of power between 6000 and 6500 MW. Microgrid technology has the potential to provide a solution to this problem in an efficient and low‐cost manner. This paper proposes the development of a hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) for rural communities. For that purpose, a technological analysis of the HMGS system for rural electrification is performed. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind resource‐based renewable energy systems are considered in this work for the electrification of rural areas of Pakistan. A hybrid PV/wind system is designed using MATLAB software. Simulation results show that a 230‐V sinusoidal output voltage has been produced by the proposed model. The advantage of this model is that it minimizes the impact of transients and provides a sinusoidal output waveform.

Optimal technoeconomic reliability‐oriented design of islanded multicarrier microgrids with electrical and hydrogen energy storage systems considering emission concerns

“…The optimal design of MGs and MCMGs has been extensively studied in previous research. 12 One important issue in renewable-based MCMGs is the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs) to address the challenges posed by the intermittencies of renewable distributed generation. 13 With the increasing penetration of renewable energies in energy systems, their dependency on weather and environmental conditions introduces uncertainty in power generation.…”

“…Similarly, the maximum discharge power of the BSS is calculated according to (11) and (12). Similar to (6), the maximum discharge power of the battery should be calculated based on the KBM, as described in (11).…”

“…Similar to (6), the maximum discharge power of the battery should be calculated based on the KBM, as described in (11). 59 The discharge power efficiency (η batt,d ) is modeled according to (12).…”

“…The optimal design of MGs and MCMGs has been extensively studied in previous research 12 . One important issue in renewable‐based MCMGs is the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs) to address the challenges posed by the intermittencies of renewable distributed generation 13 .…”