Experimental and chemometric strategies for the development of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) spectroscopic methods for the determination of organic pollutants in natural waters

Abstract

The development of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) methods is one of the most active areas of Green Chemistry. Especially relevant are GAC methods devoted to the detection and quantification of environmental pollutants, because they should not pollute the environment more than the analyte to be determined. While considerable attention has been paid to develop environmentally friendly alternatives for the first stage of the global analytical process (e.g., sample preparation techniques), relatively fewer works are dedicated to implement green approaches for obtaining the analytical signal. Current strategies that are based on the principles of Green Chemistry for the determination of common organic pollutants in natural waters are detailed. The review collects and discusses selected publications from about the last 5 years relating to the topic, highlighting the role of multivariate calibration as a modern and very useful tool to achieve the pursued objectives.

Application of Three Ecological Assessment Tools in Examining Chromatographic Methods for the Green Analysis of a Mixture of Dopamine, Serotonin, Glutamate and GABA: A Comparative Study

“…The development and evolution of the scientific literature related to the assessment of green analytical methods is growing annually, due to the need to advance new practices that comply with ecological requirements [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. The emergence of many greenness assessment studies has gained attention as they are intended to reduce waste production, energy consumption, and cost and generate eco-friendly methods.…”

Determination of Cadmium (II) in Aqueous Solutions by In Situ MID-FTIR-PLS Analysis Using a Polymer Inclusion Membrane-Based Sensor: First Considerations

“…A useful way to solve the spectral overlapping and to use all the information contained in the spectrum of complex matrices is the multivariate calibration methods [ 28 ], extensively applied to NIR-IR [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Several works demonstrated that NIR-IR techniques can be applied as a tool for quantitative multivariate analysis, especially with the combination of separation and preconcentration methods for organic compounds [ 34 , 35 ], and metal ions [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], where some of them use NIR-IR followed by MID-IR and Raman [ 39 ]. Even though it’s a drawback, the popularity of NIR is related to the good band assignments, improvements in instrumentation, and progress in statistical and mathematical methods [ 39 ].…”

Green sample preparation strategies for organic/inorganic compounds in environmental samples

“…This analytical stage is, perhaps, the one that has received more attention in developing greener approaches for the determination of environmental pollutants, and numerous reviews and articles have been published on the subject [2]. This fact is not surprising since sample pretreatment is considered the most polluting step.…”