Experimental analysis of photovoltaic integration with a proton exchange membrane electrolysis system for power-to-gas

Stansberry, John; Mejia, Alejandra Hormaza; Li, Zhao; Brouwer, Jack

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.170

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, there are some challenges in utilising and sizing the electrolyser, such as the H 2 production capacity, excess energy availability and the number of start/stop cycles (up to 10,000 cycles before ultimate degradation [50]). Moreover, the maturity in electrolysis technologies (electrolysers), has made the P2H systems a promising gateway towards the hydrogen economy era [5,10,39,48,[64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Water Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they all have technical challenges and limitations [5,9]. These limitations raise the necessity for a new approach to store energy in an environmentally friendly way, large-scale capacity and longer discharge duration [9][10][11]. Hence, the innovative idea of storing RE in an energy carrier such as hydrogen, which is storable, transportable and utilizable has encouraged interest worldwide recently [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen

2020

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A 100% renewable energy-based stand-alone microgrid system can be developed by robust energy storage systems to stabilize the variable and intermittent renewable energy resources. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and energy storage medium has gained enormous interest globally in recent years. Its use in stand-alone or off-grid microgrids for both the urban and rural communities has commenced recently in some locations. Therefore, this research evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of renewable energy-based systems using hydrogen as energy storage for a stand-alone/off-grid microgrid. Three case scenarios in a microgrid environment were identified and investigated in order to select an optimum solution for a remote community by considering the energy balance and techno-economic optimization. The "HOMER Pro" energy modelling and simulating software was used to compare the energy balance, economics and environmental impact amongst the proposed scenarios. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen-battery hybrid energy storage system is the most cost-effective scenario, though all developed scenarios are technically possible and economically comparable in the long run, while each has different merits and challenges. It has been shown that the proposed hybrid energy systems have significant potentialities in electrifying remote communities with low energy generation costs, as well as a contribution to the reduction of their carbon footprint and to ameliorating the energy crisis to achieve a sustainable future.A modern microgrid is an integrated energy system consisting of localised grouping of distributed electricity generation with storage and multiple electrical loads [11,12]. It can be controlled as one entity or grid, either standalone, completely separate from, or connected to, the existing utility grid [13]. The development of the microgrid has been largely dominated by energy demand-side management, RE penetration and its integration into the utility grid [14,15]. In cases where it is not possible to connect the microgrid to the utility grid for any reason such as the remote or isolated location, a stand-alone microgrid (SAM) is an answer to the power supply challenges [16]. The authors of this research envisioned that the SAM is a good starting point to transit from the classic trend of fossil-fuelled powered systems to 100% RE powered systems.The SAM is a low-voltage power system that supplies a specific localised area [17]. It comprises local power generation systems with load demands, that can operate in islanded mode or off-grid [18,19].In the transition to a 100% RE SAM system, hybrid distributed (decentralized) or centralized energy generation and storage systems are used to meet the energy need [18]. The SAM is presented as a viable and effective solution to the utilisation of renewable energy resources (RER), by minimizing the problems associated with variability and intermittency of the renewables [16]. The main challenge in a SAM system is the optimal sizing of the system components to make the...

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Section: Water Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen

2020

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“…This has resulted in a growing trend for the use of water electrolysis associated with RES [6]. There are already many examples of this pairing, and this fast development will definitely shake the global energy market in the future [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

et al. 2022

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In this study, an endurance test of 3000 h was conducted on four equivalent proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers to identify and quantify the impact of an electric ripple current on their durability. Three different typical power converter waveforms and frequencies were explored. Signals were added to the same direct current carrier and also tested for reference. Performance comparison based on polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that the ripple current favors degradation. Triangular waveform and a frequency of 10 kHz were identified as the most degrading conditions, leading to a sharp increase in high-frequency resistance (HFR) and the emergence of mass transport limitations due to the enhanced degradation of titanium mesh. Moreover, reversible losses were observed and further explorations are needed to decorrelate them from our observations.

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“…We decided to control the current density of the cell because proper power electronics are available for both DC/AC/DC and DC/DC conversions, as demonstrated on the example of PEM water electrolyzers. 12 Comparison with constant current operation ( Figure S5 ) shows that the stability (i.e., cell voltage and product distribution) is not affected by the dynamically changing current pattern. In fact, one may even consider some possible beneficial effect of the current fluctuation, such as the release of entrapped gas bubbles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The process consisted of alternating 8 h periods of constant current and dynamically changing current operation (see Figure S4). We decided to control the current density of the cell because proper power electronics are available for both DC/AC/DC and DC/DC conversions, as demonstrated on the example of PEM water electrolyzers . Comparison with constant current operation (Figure S5) shows that the stability (i.e., cell voltage and product distribution) is not affected by the dynamically changing current pattern.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intermittent Operation of CO₂ Electrolyzers at Industrially Relevant Current Densities

et al. 2022

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Experimental analysis of photovoltaic integration with a proton exchange membrane electrolysis system for power-to-gas

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen

Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

Intermittent Operation of CO₂ Electrolyzers at Industrially Relevant Current Densities

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Experimental analysis of photovoltaic integration with a proton exchange membrane electrolysis system for power-to-gas

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen

Stand-Alone Microgrid with 100% Renewable Energy: A Case Study with Hybrid Solar PV-Battery-Hydrogen

Impact of Power Converter Current Ripple on the Degradation of PEM Electrolyzer Performances

Intermittent Operation of CO2 Electrolyzers at Industrially Relevant Current Densities

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Intermittent Operation of CO₂ Electrolyzers at Industrially Relevant Current Densities