Experimental Afla and Ochratoxin Induced Mixed Mycotoxicosis in Broilers and its Amelioration with Herbomineral Toxin Binder ‘Toxiroak Gold’

Sawarkar, Alka; Sonkusale, P. M.; Kurkure, N. V.; Jangade, C. R.; Maini, S.; Ravikanth, K.

doi:10.3923/ijps.2011.560.566

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the findings of several studies (Verma et al, 2004;Sakhare et al, 2007;Sawarkar et al, 2011) in which lower weights were reported in some lymphoid organs when poultry were fed diets contaminated with AFB1, OTA, and a combination of both. Conversely, Santin et al (2006) reported no differences in BF weight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…S. cerevisiae YCWs included at 0.15% in the diets of the broilers counteracted the toxic effect, which corroborates the findings of other studies (Aravind et al, 2003, Arce et al, 2005Kocher et al, 2005;Gao et al, 2009;Gómez-Verduzco et al, 2009). In other studies, in which diets were contaminated with lower amounts of AFB1 and OTA (200 μg/kg) (Santin et al, 2006;Sawarkar et al, 2011), isolated or in combination, differences in body weight were observed due to the low doses of mycotoxin used. Other studies reported a detrimental effect on weight when poultry were fed AFB1 and OTA mixed at levels of 100 ppb or higher (400 and 600 ppb AFB1) (Verma et al, 2004;Sakhare et al, 2007;Anand et al, 2008;Sawarkar et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A decrease in the percentage of leukocytes, heterophils, and lymphocytes was observed in the broilers fed diets with mycotoxins compared with those fed diets without mycotoxins, according to Kalorey et al (2005), Aravind et al (2003), Sakhare et al (2007), and Basmacioglu et al (2005). This effect may be explained by the results of Celika et al (2000), who demonstrated that aflatoxin-induced immunosuppression resulted in depressed cell functions and a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes in the periphery and in lymphoid tissues (Moura et al, 2004;Sawarkar et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effect of the Addition of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

et al. 2018

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell walls (YCWs) in diets with low doses of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), alone or in combination, on broiler performance and immune response. A total of 210 male broilers aged 1-21 days were used. Broilers were completely randomized into seven treatments with five replicates of six broilers each, as follows: 1) control diet; 2) control + 350 μg/kg AFB1; 3) Control + 350 μg/kg OTA; 4) Control + 350 μg/kg AFB1 and 350 μg/kg OTA; 5) Control + 350 μg/kg AFB1 and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 6) control + 350 μg/kg OTA and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 7) control + 350 μg/kg AFB1, 350 μg/kg OTA, and 1.5 kg/ton YCW. The broilers were housed under environmentally controlled conditions in Petersime battery cages. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion index were measured. The relative weights of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius (BF) were evaluated. The local immune response was assessed by quantifying the level of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA). The cellular immune response was evaluated using a delayed hypersensitivity test. Hemograms and blood cell counts were also performed. The results showed that mycotoxins decreased performance and reduced the immune response (p＜0.05) of broilers. Weight gain and feed conversion improved in the groups receiving YCWs. The YCWs increased (p＜0.05) intestinal IgAs and the cellular immune response (p＜0.05). The addition of YCWs also affected the relative weight of the thymus, spleen, and BF (p＜0.05), and the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and heterophil counts (p＜0.05). The addition of YCWs can be an alternative to counterage the negative effect of low doses of AFB1 and OTA in broilers diets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effect of the Addition of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

et al. 2018

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“…In the present study, it has been shown that, ochratoxin resulted in a significant increase in the activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), uric acid and creatinine in duckling but antiochratoxin (Texal) induce insignificant effect in liver enzymes (AST ALT and ALP), uric acid and creatinine. Elevated liver enzyme may be due to tissue damage and leakage of enzymes into the blood stream (Sawarkar et al, 2011 ). Our results agreed with Sakhare et al (2007) who reported that ochratoxin increased uric acid and creatinine in broiler chicks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pathological and biochemical studies on ochratoxicosis in balady duckling with trail of treatment

Fetouh

Heba

Halla

et al. 2016

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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A B S T R A C TA total of 100 healthy balady ducklings, one day old were divided into 4 equal groups (25 in each), Gp (1) kept as control group, Gp (2 and 3) received 0.5 mg ochratoxin/kg ration and 0.5ml antiochratoxin/liter drinking water for 30 consecutive days respectively and Gp (4) received both ochratoxin and antiochratoxin in same dose, period and route of administration. Ducklings supplemented with ochratoxin displayed significant reduction in weight gain, feed conversion rate, RBCs, WBCs, Hb, PCV, T protein albumin, globulin, T. lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides CAT and SOD, coupled with significant elevatoin in feed conversion rate, mortality rate, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid, creatinine and MDA Ducklings received antiochratoxin showed significant increase in weight gain, RBCs, Hb, total protein, albumin Catalase and super oxide dismutase beside in signif-icant increase in PCV,WBCs, globulin, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid and creatinine, triglycerides cholesterol and total lipid coupled with insignificant decrease in MDA and improved in feed conversion rate. Hemato-biochemical profiles and antioxidant revealed significant improvement in antiochratoxin treated duckings when compared with ochratoxinated duckings. Ochratoxin residues in liver and kidney were high at 1 st day of clearance period and disappeared at 10 th days of clearance period. Alteration in histological picture in internal organ in duckling received ochratoxin revealed massive degenerative changes in renal epithelial cells of proximal and distal convoluted tubules (Nephrotoxicity) and massive necrosis of some tubular epithelial cells. Beside severe hepatic damage and also lesions in the immune organs and intestine. In general, histological changes were mild in birds receiving antiochratoxin alone or with ochratoxin. It could be concluded that, ochratoxicosis in duckling resulted in poor feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate, had adverse effect in body weight, hemato-biochemical parameters beside decreased blood antioxidant; anti-ochratoxin improved these parameters in duck.

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“…European commission Recommendation 2006/J76/EC, suggests that maximum level of OTA in poultry feed should be set at 0.1 mg OTA/ kg ration. Crude OTA was added to ration at a dose of 100 ppb/kg feed for 36 days [5,7].…”

Section: Mycotoxin (Ochratoxin A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Pathological Studies on Ochratoxicosis in Broiler Chickens

Ali

Refat

Mowafy

et al. 2019

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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Forty broiler chicks (Hubbard breed), two weeks old were used to study the pathological lesions and residues of ochratoxin A in some chicken organs. Experimental chicks were divided into two groups. First group (30 chicks) were fed on ration contaminated with 100ppb /kg ration, while second group (10 chicks) were kept as control and fed on ration free from OTA till the end of the experiment. Fifteen chicks from group 1and five chicks from group 2 were sacrificed 28 and 36 days post feeding (PF). The clinical signs, mortalities and lesions in addition to OTA residues were detected and recorded. The chicks in group 1 showed 20% mortalities beside diarrhea, dehydration and emaciation. The kidney lobules appeared pale with urates deposits due to intense nephrotic changes, nephritis, fibrosis and gout. The liver showed hepatic hemorrhages apoptosis, necrosis and hyperplastic bile ductules. Intense lesions in brain in the form of edema, meningeal lymphocytic cells aggregations, degenerated neurons and purkinje cells were recorded. GIT lesions (proventriculus and intestine) due to direct contact with OTA contaminated ration were also seen. OTA residue was higher in liver than kidneys while the lowest value was detected in skeletal muscle. It could be concluded that OTA induced neurotoxicity beside hepato-renal toxicity and GIT lesions due to its toxic effect and its adverse effect on growth performance.

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Experimental Afla and Ochratoxin Induced Mixed Mycotoxicosis in Broilers and its Amelioration with Herbomineral Toxin Binder ‘Toxiroak Gold’

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of the Addition of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

Effect of the Addition of <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

Pathological and biochemical studies on ochratoxicosis in balady duckling with trail of treatment

Experimental Pathological Studies on Ochratoxicosis in Broiler Chickens

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