Experiential learnings from the Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala towards containment of infectious public health emergencies in India

Sahay, Rima R.; Yadav, Pragya D; Gupta, Nivedita; Shete, Anita M.; Radhakrishnan, Chandni; Mohan, Ganesh; Menon, Nikhilesh; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Suma, Krishnasastry; Kadam, Abhijeet; Ullas, Padinjaremattathil Thankappan; Kumar, Brijesh; Sugunan, A P; Sreekala, V K; Khobragade, Rajan; Gangakhedkar, Raman; Mourya, Devendra T.

doi:10.1017/s0950268820000825

Cited by 19 publications

(40 citation statements)

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Section: Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) In 2018, an outbreak of NiV occurred in two districts of Kerala as previously mentioned (Baggchi 2018, Sahay et al 2020b). The first case was recorded at the Baby Memorial Hospital in Kozhikode district and medical doctors suspected a rare virus infection and thereafter sent the sample to referral centers (Manipal Centre for Virus Research in Karnataka and then NIV in Pune, Maharashtra), which confirmed the infection with NiV (Baggchi 2018, Sahay et al 2020b. Very rapidly, the Government of Kerala with the assistance of the GOI, other national agencies, and the WHO coordinated their actions through a set of measures, including among others tracking and isolation of contact cases, large-scale surveillance, and mass awareness campaign (Baggchi 2018, Sahay et al 2020b).…”

Section: Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first case was recorded at the Baby Memorial Hospital in Kozhikode district and medical doctors suspected a rare virus infection and thereafter sent the sample to referral centers (Manipal Centre for Virus Research in Karnataka and then NIV in Pune, Maharashtra), which confirmed the infection with NiV (Baggchi 2018, Sahay et al 2020b. Very rapidly, the Government of Kerala with the assistance of the GOI, other national agencies, and the WHO coordinated their actions through a set of measures, including among others tracking and isolation of contact cases, large-scale surveillance, and mass awareness campaign (Baggchi 2018, Sahay et al 2020b). This ''No Nipah'' campaign has been particularly efficient through using simple messages (e.g., put a lid on date palm sap collection container) on how populations could prevent NiV infection.…”

Section: Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review on Emerging Infectious Diseases Prioritized Under the 2018 WHO Research and Development Blueprint: Lessons from the Indian Context

Kojom

Singh

2021

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Objective: This review describes the current scenario of a priority group of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) listed by World Health Organization (WHO), and their main determinants and drivers for the emergence/spread of the diseases. The gaps and strategies developed by India to meet the WHO guidelines on the effective control of epidemic-prone diseases and outbreaks are also presented in the review. Methods: Epidemiologic information of EIDs, namely Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Ebola and Marburg viruses (EboV and MarV), Zika virus (ZIKAV), Rift Valley fever (RVF), Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Nipah and Hendra virus (NiV and HeV), and Lassa fever virus (LASV), was drawn from international and national electronic databases to assess the situation. A brief view on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India is also included. Results: There are no reports for human infection of EboV, MarV, RVF, and LASV in India. CCHF, SARS, ZIKAV, and NiV have been involved in outbreaks in eight states of India, while COVID-19 is currently reported from majority of states. India has deeply strengthened its surveillance and response system of outbreaks and epidemic-prone diseases. Conclusions: Despite its enormous improvements made in the anticipation of such threats, still more efforts are needed in sensitization of populations as well as hospital management in the context to EIDs, as addressed in the review. Furthermore, there is still a need for more research and development activities to efficiently control EIDs.

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Section: Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Emerging Infectious Diseases Prioritized Under the 2018 WHO Research and Development Blueprint: Lessons from the Indian Context

Kojom

Singh

2021

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Each time there were lessons to be learnt and models to be followed. The successful control of Nipah outbreak in Kerala was an important model for the rest of the country; Kerala’s approach to its health system has been very different from that of most other states, enabling it to deal with outbreaks and epidemics much better (Sahay et al 2020 ). Kerala’s repsonse to COVID is also explained in detail in this volume (Jalan and Sen 2020 ).…”

Section: Assessing Pandemic Preparedness Through the Covid Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Relying on serendipity is not enough

Gupta

2020

Ind. Econ. Rev.

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The novel coronavirus has caused a global public health crisis, and impacted countries irrespective of their development status. The health system preparedness has varied across countries, necessitating a hard look at how resilient health systems can be built to withstand the onslaught of sudden pandemics and epidemics. India has been grappling with the onslaught of COVID-19 since the last 6 months of the current year, bringing into focus the ability of its health system to withstand the pressures of dealing with such a pandemic. In this context, the paper analyses India's health sector by focusing on infrastructure, personnel, financing and governance, to enable a better understanding of the extent of resilience in India's health system. Using data from the latest household survey on health, the paper also looks at the disease profile of care seekers to illustrate why COVID transmission is likely to be rapid in the country, the potential impact of COVID care on non-COVID care, the groups that are most likely to forego care due to the lockdown and the diversion of resources to COVID care, choice of providers and out-of-pocket expenditure evidenced from such choice. The paper concludes that a country cannot effectively deal with a pandemic and reduce its socioeconomic impact by trying to fix its health system in real time. The lesson from the COVID era would be for India to immediately start with the much delayed health sector reforms, beginning with a substantial jump in public health financing, if impact of future epidemics and pandemics are to be minimised.

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“…5 It has also shown similar efficiency in tracing and containment during the Nipah virus outbreak in 2018 and the isolated case in 2019. 6 Kerala also has significantly better demographics concerning education, health and human development index compared to the rest of the country as per the report of UNDP India in the last census. 7 Assessments of depression, anxiety and stress have been done on medical students previously in a few countries, which gave significant results indicating its prevalence.…”

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confidence: 94%

Assessment of depression among medical students during COVID-19 in a southern state of India

et al. 2021

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Background: The COVID-19 lockdown has caused increased psychological disturbances among the student community. Medical students are susceptible to mental stressors and thus more likely to be affected by the pandemic. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown in Kerala along with the associated socio-demographic factors.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students during COVID-19 lockdown in a southern state of India. Collected data included socio-demographic details and depression, anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Chi square test was used to determine the association of depression, anxiety and stress with the socio-demographic factors.Results: A total of 760 students were invited to partake in this study. 702 satisfied the inclusion criteria and completed the evaluation, giving a response rate of 92.4%. Among the participants 67.4% were female and 32.6% were males. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students were 55.1%, 33.2% and 29.4% respectively. It was found that both male and female students experienced the same levels of depression (p=0.533) during the pandemic. Students studying in private self-financing medical colleges experienced more anxiety compared to students at government medical college (p=0.008) during the pandemic. It was also observed that prevalence of depression (58.4%) was highest among first year medical students.Conclusions: The study revealed that depression, anxiety and stress were prevalent in majority of medical students during the pandemic.

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Experiential learnings from the Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala towards containment of infectious public health emergencies in India

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

A Review on Emerging Infectious Diseases Prioritized Under the 2018 WHO Research and Development Blueprint: Lessons from the Indian Context

A Review on Emerging Infectious Diseases Prioritized Under the 2018 WHO Research and Development Blueprint: Lessons from the Indian Context

Relying on serendipity is not enough

Assessment of depression among medical students during COVID-19 in a southern state of India

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