Experiencing self versus observing self: the semantics of stative extensions in Japanese

Shinzato, Rumiko

doi:10.1016/s0388-0001(01)00025-0

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…I propose that the use of WAKARU is closely associated with such features as experiencer perspective, speaker empathy and involvement, directness, and immediacy, whereas the use of SHIRU is characterized as observer perspective, speaker detachment, and indirectness. Such form-function relationships roughly parallel such notions as 'ego vs. non-ego' (Akatsuka 1979), 'experiencing self vs. observing self' (Lyons 1982;Shinzato 2003), 'uchi (= in groups) vs. soto (out-groups)' (Quinn 1994), 'S-perspective (= the first person perspective) vs. O-perspective (= the third person perspective)' (Iwasaki 1993;cf. Koyama-Murakami 2001), and 'private vs. public' (Dahl 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A close examination of examples like (18) and (19), in which both WAKARU and SHIRU are possible, reveals a clear contrast in the form-function relationship for the two emotive expressions: WAKARU for speaker empathy and SHIRU for speaker detachment. Such a dichotomous relationship may also be characterized in terms of some epistemological parameters such as 'ego vs. non-ego' (Akatsuka 1979), 'experiencing self vs. observing self' (Lyons 1982;Shinzato 2003), 'uchi (= in groups) vs. soto (out-groups)' (Quinn 1994), 'S-perspective (= the first person perspective) vs. O-perspective (= the third person perspective)' (Iwasaki 1993;cf. Koyama-Murakami 2001), and 'private vs. public' (Dahl 2000).…”

Section: Subjective and Intersubjective Uses Of Wakaru And Shirumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective and intersubjective uses of Japanese verbs of cognition in conversation

Sadler

2022

PRAG

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The present study examines two commonly-used Japanese verbs of cognition, WAKARU and SHIRU, in naturally occurring conversation, and demonstrates that these verbs are expressions of position and attitude that are relevant both to individual speakers (i.e., subjective uses) and to relational activities among participants (i.e., intersubjective uses). My naturally occurring conversation data supports Lee (2006) that there seems to be a general principle that speakers’ lexical choices are governed by information type, but the link between speakers’ lexical choices and information type is not so absolute but fluid. In fact, while 24% of my data are those where only WAKARU is expected to be used or only SHIRU is expected to be used, 74% are those in which both WAKARU and SHIRU are possible regardless of information type. A closer analysis of such ‘fluid’ examples suggests that speakers choose one expression over another to express their personal attitudes and emotions toward the content of information and toward the other conversation participants. More specifically, their choice for WAKARU manifests such features as experiencer perspective and speaker empathy, and in contrast, their choice for SHIRU is characterized as observer perspective. The study is firmly in keeping with a usage-based perspective on language (e.g., Barlow and Kemmer 2000; Bybee 2006), which takes as its starting point the idea that language use shapes language form and meaning, and offers new insights into the interactional and performative nature of language by addressing the two commonly used verbs of cognition in Japanese conversation from a viewpoint of discourse pragmatics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Subjective and Intersubjective Uses Of Wakaru And Shirumentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective and intersubjective uses of Japanese verbs of cognition in conversation

Sadler

2022

PRAG

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“…The -te iru construction in Japanese is typically labeled as an aspectual marker that marks repetition, continuation, or resultative state (Kindaichi 1950;Soga 1983;Jacobsen 1992;Harasawa 1993Harasawa , 1994Kudo 1995;Tsujimura 2007;Iwasaki 2013;McGloin et al 2013;etc.). However, the usage of the -te iru construction in (2) can be argued to be resulting from -te iru's non-aspectual function, which is the construction's function as an evidential marker of speaker observation (Iwasaki 1993;Yanagisawa 1994Yanagisawa , 1995Fujishiro 1996;Shinzato 2003;Malchukov 2006, 2011;etc.). The following section briefly summarizes the observation marking function of the -te iru construction in Japanese.…”

Section: Itta and Itte Ita In Japanesementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the Japanese quotative itta and itte ita

Nishi

2018

PRAG

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The present study provides an overview of the quotative utterances made with itta (past form of iu ‘to say’) and itte ita (the combination of iu and the past form of the -te iru construction) in naturally occurring conversations in Japanese. The examination of approximately 13 hours of conversations shows that itta is used in 91.1% of first-person quotations (‘I said that…’). In second-person (‘you said that…’) and third-person (‘he/she said that…’) quotations, itte ita is used in 90.0%, and 77.3% of the cases, respectively. The present study argues that the high percentage of itte ita for second- and third-person quotative utterances is due to the fact that the -te iru construction, which is included in itte ita, is used as an evidential marker. The present study also analyzes the deviant cases from the dominant pattern (i.e. using itta for third-person utterances), and demonstrates how -te iru’s evidential function is utilized manipulatively in conversation.

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On defining modality again

Narrog

2005

Language Sciences

107

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Experiencing self versus observing self: the semantics of stative extensions in Japanese

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Subjective and intersubjective uses of Japanese verbs of cognition in conversation

Subjective and intersubjective uses of Japanese verbs of cognition in conversation

An overview of the Japanese quotative itta and itte ita

On defining modality again

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