Experiences of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees in Houston Shelters: Implications for Future Planning

Brodie, Mollyann; Weltzien, Erin; Altman, Daniel; Blendon, Robert J.; Benson, John M.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.084475

Cited by 357 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These high rates of chronic conditions and mental health needs were subsequently corroborated in survey research done by Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness with families living in temporary FEMA-subsidized housing, typically mobile-home-style trailers. In common with earlier survey data of adult Katrina evacuees in Houston [10], the families in FEMA housing in both Louisiana and Mississippi were disproportionately low-income and African-American. Abramson and Garfield [28,29] observed that low-income families making <$10,000/y were the hardest hit economically by the hurricane, with 53% losing all source of income (compared with 15% for families with income >$20,000/y).…”

Section: Mental Health Responsesupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Many were initially sheltered at the Superdome or the Convention Center. One third of the adults surveyed report having a child with them, which would suggest a minimum of approximately 15,000 children between the two refuges of last resort in New Orleans [10]. Children in the shelter environment pose special challenges because of their typically curious and active behavior.…”

Section: Obtaining Sheltermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children and Megadisasters: Lessons Learned in the New Millennium

Garrett

Grant

Madrid

et al. 2007

Advances in Pediatrics

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T he term megadisaster has worked its way into the mainstream since the start of the new millennium. The expression once reserved for the technical meaning of the word-a ''one in a million'' disaster-has recently been brought to the forefront by several large natural events that have occurred in the past 5 years, namely Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. These two disasters, as well as the terrorist attacks of September 2001 in the United States have directed a persistent spotlight on the systems by which the public and its government plan for, respond to, and recover from high-impact catastrophes.From the beginnings of human society, both nature and our own species have found ways to traumatically disrupt the status quo. Despite the many catastrophes in our history, the term disaster has been difficult to define. Most definitions include some reference to the event's impact on people, the economy, or the environment. More theoretically, a disaster can be seen as a complex function of risk and vulnerability. As an example, the magnitude of a hurricane disaster is not as simple as the force of the hurricane itself upon a community but rather a sum of those forces (eg, storm-force winds) plus the special vulnerabilities faced by the community (eg, levee failure) plus the community's capacity to reduce the actual or potential negative consequences of risk (eg, an inability to evacuate citizens). It is complicated interplay among the forces of destruction and the broad ability (or inability) of a community, for myriad reasons, to withstand them and mitigate their impact.There is ranging opinion and there has been much discussion about the practical definition of disaster, much of it dependent upon the context in which the term is being analyzed. Many academics feel that for an incident to be technically classified as a disaster, it must overwhelm the day-to-day routine enough

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Section: Mental Health Responsesupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Obtaining Sheltermentioning

confidence: 99%

Children and Megadisasters: Lessons Learned in the New Millennium

Garrett

Grant

Madrid

et al. 2007

Advances in Pediatrics

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“…This is done using both stated preference and revealed preference data. For instance, Whitehead et al (2000) and Brodie et al (2006) report that people with higher income and education tend to evacuate towards hotels and motels, while people with lower income and education tend to evacuate to shelters, based on post-hurricane evacuation data. Deka and Carnegie (2010) build on this by conducting a stated preference survey relating socio-economic and demographic characteristics to the decision whether to evacuate to a shelter location or to a non-shelter location, such as friends or relatives and a hotel or motel.…”

Section: Factors Determining Type Of Evacuation Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is essentially the gravity-based trip distribution model which is applied to predict the origin-destination matrices used as model input in all the traffic simulation models introduced in ''Past and current evacuation traffic simulation models'' section. In other studies, the different location types and accompanying different determining factors as identified by Whitehead et al (2000) and Brodie et al (2006) are recognized. For instance, Cuellar et al (2009) compute attraction potentials per type of location.…”

Section: Destination Choice Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on travel behaviour modelling in dynamic traffic simulation models for evacuations

2011

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Dynamic traffic simulation models are frequently used to support decisions when planning an evacuation. This contribution reviews the different (mathematical) model formulations underlying these traffic simulation models used in evacuation studies and the behavioural assumptions that are made. The appropriateness of these behavioural assumptions is elaborated on in light of the current consensus on evacuation travel behaviour, based on the view from the social sciences as well as empirical studies on evacuation behaviour. The focus lies on how travellers' decisions are predicted through simulation regarding the choice to evacuate, departure time choice, destination choice, and route choice. For the evacuation participation and departure time choice we argue in favour of the simultaneous approach to dynamic evacuation demand prediction using the repeated binary logit model. For the destination choice we show how further research is needed to generalize the current preliminary findings on the location-type specific destination choice models. For the evacuation route choice we argue in favour of hybrid route choice models that enable both following instructed routes and en-route switches. Within each of these discussions, we point at current limitations and make corresponding suggestions on promising future research directions.

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“…However, it is unrealistic to expect patients or their families to shoulder the major burden of such preparations alone. Some individuals who did not evacuate, despite the evacuation order, were not able to evacuate for a physical reason by themselves or because they had to care for someone else (Brodie, Weltzien, Altman, Blendon, & Benson, 2011). It would be effective to prepare evacuation methods and provide for the secure evacuation of supporters in patients' living environments and health professionals who support everyday life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Related to Evacuation Intentions of Power-Dependent Home Care Patients in Japan

Nakai

Tsukasaki

Kyota

et al. 2016

Journal of Community Health Nursing

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This study investigated factors affecting disaster preparedness and evacuation intentions among home-care patients dependent on electrical power for life support. Health professionals interviewed 53 home-care patients using the Kanazawa and Kochi Disaster Preparedness Checklist. About half of the participants requiring continuous artificial ventilation or aspiration indicated that they would not or could not evacuate following a disastereven though their lives could be at risk. The availability of emergency medical equipment for use during a power outage was positively associated with the desire to evacuate. Our results indicate the need for improved systems to assist power-dependent home-care patients.Despite having escaped the immediate impact of the earthquake tremors and tsunami, users of artificial respirators and oxygen concentrators died owing to power outages following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, 2011). Further, there is insufficient preparation for blackouts caused by hurricanes or earthquakes in the United States, despite the fact that blackout conditions could endanger electricity-dependent children (Sakashita, Matthews, & Yamamoto, 2013). In this way, both nationally and internationally, home-care patients and children using electricity-dependent medical equipment can suffer more damage than that caused by the disaster itself, as their conditions can be exacerbated-and life crises caused-by interruption of their use of medical equipment. Therefore, it is essential to prepare for electricity-dependent individuals to be provided with stable use of medical equipment during a blackout until they can evacuate to institutions, such as hospitals, with secure electricity supplies. However, it is unrealistic to expect patients or their families to shoulder the major burden of such preparations alone. Some individuals who did not evacuate, despite the evacuation order, were not able to evacuate for a physical reason by themselves or because they had to care for someone else (Brodie, Weltzien, Altman, Blendon, & Benson, 2011). It would be effective to prepare evacuation methods and provide for the secure evacuation of supporters in patients' living environments and health professionals who support everyday life.In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross have established and widely disseminated an approach to help people with disabilities and special needs to prepare for a disaster or emergency. The planning process includes identifying-in conjunction with family members, friends, and personal care attendants-the support and HEALTH NURSING 2016, VOL. 33, NO. 4, 196-208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2016 resources that would be required (Federal Emergency Management Agency, & American Red Cross, 2004). Similarly, the Australian Red Cross (2015) and New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management (2010) have developed approaches to establish personal support networks and prepare for emergen...

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Experiences of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees in Houston Shelters: Implications for Future Planning

Abstract: Our results highlight the need for better plans for emergency communication and evacuation of low-income and disabled citizens in future disasters and shed light on choices facing policymakers in planning for the long-term health care needs of vulnerable populations.

Cited by 357 publications

References 2 publications

Children and Megadisasters: Lessons Learned in the New Millennium

Children and Megadisasters: Lessons Learned in the New Millennium

A review on travel behaviour modelling in dynamic traffic simulation models for evacuations

Factors Related to Evacuation Intentions of Power-Dependent Home Care Patients in Japan

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