Experience with a toroidal proportional detector for backscattered Mössbauer ψ-rays and X-rays

Schaaf, Peter; Blaes, L.; Welsch, J.; Jacoby, H.; Aubertin, F.; Gonser, U.

doi:10.1007/bf02398374

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Phase analysis for the deposited films by conversion electron Mö ssbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) was performed at room temperature, employing a 57 Co/Rh source in constant acceleration mode. [14][15][16] The electrons were detected in a He/ CH 4 flow proportional counter. [17][18][19] The spectra were fitted by a hyperfine field distribution calculated with the Normos code [20] or by superimposing Lorentzian lines with the WinISO fitting tool.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrided Amorphous Stainless Steel Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering from an Austenitic Stainless Steel Target

Cusenza¹,

Jürgens²,

Uhrmacher³

et al. 2009

Adv Eng Mater

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Stainless steel films were reactively magnetron sputtered in argon/nitrogen gas flow onto oxidized silicon wafers using austenitic AISI 316 stainless‐steel targets. The deposited films of about 300 nm thickness were characterized by conversion electron Mö‐i;ssbauer spectroscopy, magneto‐optical Kerr‐effect, X‐ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and resonant nuclear reaction analysis. These complementary methods were used for a detailed examination of the nitriding effects for the sputtered stainless‐steel films. The formation of an amorphous and soft ferromagnetic phase in a wide range of the processing parameters was found. Further, the influence of postvacuum‐annealing was examined by perturbed angular correlation to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the nitriding process and phase formation. The amorphous phase is not very stable and crystallization can be observed at 973 K.

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Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrided Amorphous Stainless Steel Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering from an Austenitic Stainless Steel Target

Cusenza¹,

Jürgens²,

Uhrmacher³

et al. 2009

Adv Eng Mater

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show abstract

“…The reflexes of the γ and α phases are indexed. The peak in (c) at about 56 • corresponds to the Si substrate temperature, employing a 57 Co/Rh source in constant acceleration mode [15][16][17]. The electrons were detected in a He/CH 4 flow proportional counter [18][19][20].…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous stainless steel coatings prepared by reactive magnetron-sputtering from austenitic stainless steel targets

Cusenza

Schaaf

2008

Appl. Phys. A

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Stainless steel films were reactively magnetron sputtered in argon/methane gas flow onto oxidized silicon wafers using austenitic stainless-steel targets. The deposited films of about 200 nm thickness were characterized by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetooptical Kerr-effect, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, corrosion resistance tests, and Raman spectroscopy. These complementary methods were used for a detailed examination of the carburization effects in the sputtered stainless-steel films. The formation of an amorphous and soft ferromagnetic phase in a wide range of the processing parameters was found. Further, the influence of the substrate temperature and of post vacuum-annealing were examined to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the carburization process and phase formation.

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Einfluß von Sauerstoffzusätzen beim Gasnitrieren auf den strukturellen Aufbau von Nitrierschichten

Spies

Schaaf

Vogt

1998

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Die Wirkung kontrollierter sauerstoffhaltiger Zusltze beim Gasnitrieren von Stahlen auf den strukturellen Aufbau der Nitrierschichten und den Ablauf der Nitrierreaktion untcr technischen Bedingungen wurde mit metallkundlichen Untersuchungsmcthoden unter Einbeziehung der Miissbauer Spektroskopie verfolgt.Die Ergebnisse der durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen zeigen, daR Sauerstoffzusatze unterhalb der Oxidationsgrenze des reinen Eisens das Nitrierverhalten unlegierter Stlhle etwas verbessern konnen. Weiter konnte gezeigt werden, daB bei legierten Stlhlen, die schon bei Chromgehalten ab 3% bei der konventionellen Gasnitrierung zur Passivierung neigen, die Nitrierung durch einen Sauerstoffzusatz erheblich verbessert werden kann. Die auf diesen Stahlen vorhandenen Passivschichten werden beim Oxinitrieren durch eine au-Rere Oxidation zerstort. Diese adere Oxidation und die innere Nitrierung laufen in der Anfangsphase des Oxinitrierens parallel ab.The influence of controlled oxygen additions during gas nitriding of steels on the structure and built-up ofthe nitrided layers as well as on the nitriding reactions was investigated with metallurgical methods and Mossbauer spectroscopy.The results show that oxygen additions below the oxidising threshold slightly improve the nitriding behaviour of unalloyed steels. Furthermore, it is shown that for alloyed steel, which are tending to passivation starting form chromium concentrations of 3%, the nitriding can be considerably improved by oxygen additions. The passivation layers present for these steels are destroyed by external oxidation during the oxinitriding process. This external oxidation and the internal nitriding occurred parallel in the early stages of the oxinitriding.

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Experience with a toroidal proportional detector for backscattered Mössbauer ψ-rays and X-rays

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Nitrided Amorphous Stainless Steel Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering from an Austenitic Stainless Steel Target

Nitrided Amorphous Stainless Steel Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering from an Austenitic Stainless Steel Target

Amorphous stainless steel coatings prepared by reactive magnetron-sputtering from austenitic stainless steel targets

Einfluß von Sauerstoffzusätzen beim Gasnitrieren auf den strukturellen Aufbau von Nitrierschichten

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