Experience is a Double-Edged Sword: A Computational Model of The Encoding/Retrieval Trade-Off With Familiarity

Reder, Lynne M.; Paynter, Christopher A.; Diana, Rachel A.; Ngiam, Jiquan; Dickison, Daniel

doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(07)48007-0

Cited by 51 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

137

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, the remaining claims about how stimulus familiarity affects WM resources are unique to our proposal (also see Reder et al, 2007). We believe that these key new extensions of the theory hold true regardless of how they are implemented.…”

Section: Overview Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The lack of such a mechanism prevented it from explaining why stronger items would be easier to encode, bind and manipulate. This core insight was initially articulated by Reder et al (2007) and on the basis of quasi-experiments that tested memory as a function of normative word frequency, and since then we have accumulated, in support of the theory, a number of critical experimental findings that directly manipulated exposure frequency of the stimuli (Reder et al, 2016;Shen, Popov, Delahay & Reder, 2017).…”

Section: Overview Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…We also assume that the resource pool replenishes over time (also see, Reder et al, 2007;Buchler, Faunce, Light, Gottfredson & Reder, 2011). There is limited data to estimate the exact recovery function.…”

Section: Strengthening and Binding Deplete Wm Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complicating matters further, the prior strength of items in memory has multifaceted and often opposing effects on memory encoding, binding and retrieval (for a review, see Reder, Paynter, Diana, Ngiam, & Dickison, 2007). Depending on the nature of the task, the procedure, the experimental design, the stimuli and the processes under investigation, prior item strength can either facilitate or impair memory performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the evidence suggests that highly frequent and familiar items are easier to encode, to associate to one another, to bind to an episodic context and to hold in WM (WM; e.g. DeWitt, Knight, Hicks, & Ball, 2012;Reder et al, 2013;Reder, Liu, Keinath, & Popov, 2016;Reder et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Frequency Effects on Memory: A Resource-Limited Theory

Popov¹,

Reder²

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a review of frequency effects in memory, accompanied by a theory of memory, according to which the storage of new information in long-term memory (LTM) depletes a limited pool of working memory (WM) resources as an inverse function of item strength. We support the theory by showing that items with stronger representations in LTM (e.g. high frequency items) are easier to store, bind to context, and bind to one another; that WM resources are involved in storage and retrieval from LTM; that WM capacity is greater for stronger, more familiar stimuli. We present a novel analysis of preceding item strength, in which we show from eight existing studies that memory for an item is higher if during study it was preceded by a stronger item (e.g. a high frequency word; HF). This effect is cumulative (the more prior items are HF, the better), continuous (memory proportional to word frequency of preceding item), interacts with current item strength (larger for weaker items) and interacts with lag (decreases as the lag between the current and prior study item increases). A computational model that implements the theory is presented, which accounts for these effects. We discuss related phenomena that the model/theory can explain.

show abstract

Section: Overview Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Overview Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Strengthening and Binding Deplete Wm Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Frequency Effects on Memory: A Resource-Limited Theory

Popov¹,

Reder²

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The mirror effect in online survey data: Evidence and implications for marketing theory and strategy

Stocchi,

Bellman,

Pourazad

et al. 2024

Psychology and Marketing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research reveals the presence, in online survey data, of a key pattern documented in psychology lab research: the Mirror Effect. The Mirror Effect occurs when unfamiliar stimuli are unexpectedly recognized as accurately as familiar stimuli, or more accurately. Using a set of familiar and unfamiliar words (as determined by lexical frequency), we first report that we can robustly replicate psychology lab research in an online survey, detecting the Mirror Effect. We then apply the same analytical approach to surveying consumer recognition of everyday brands (supermarkets, banks and car brands). We find that unfamiliar brands can be recognized with the same level of accuracy as familiar brands, and this effect is stronger than age and gender memory biases present in the data. However, we detect a boundary condition for branded apps, which are extremely unfamiliar brands competing in highly fragmented marketplaces, so very few get downloaded or used. For these digital brands, we find a Concordant Effect, as most respondents find it difficult to recognize highly unfamiliar branded apps (i.e., those with fewer than 5000 downloads). The Mirror Effect re‐emerges for highly experienced app users. These results demonstrate the implications of a generalizable empirical pattern from cognitive psychology for branding and advertising theory. The outcomes of this research also translate into practical guidelines for brand performance measurement via online surveys, mitigating recognition memory bias for the development of marketing strategies based on more accurate interpretation of empirical evidence.

show abstract