Experience‐dependent activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) in the olfactory bulb

Mirich, Jennifer M.; Illig, Kurt R.; Brunjes, Peter C.

doi:10.1002/cne.20325

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Further, the spatial location of cellular activation was odor-specific; for example, following butyric acid exposure, Fos-positive cells were found in the dorsomedial quadrant of the rostral OB, and this location shifted ventrally after exposure to caproic acid. This pattern was consistent throughout development, in agreement with previous studies examining odor-evoked activity in the adult and developing animals (e.g., Sharp et al, 1975;Johnson and Leon, 2000;Illig and Haberly, 2003;Guthrie and Gall, 2003;Mirich et al, 2004;Zou et al, 2005).…”

Section: Olfactory Bulbsupporting

confidence: 91%

Developmental changes in odor-evoked activity in rat piriform cortex

Illig

2007

Neuroscience

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In adult rats, odor-evoked Fos protein expression is found in rostrocaudally-oriented bands of cells in anterior piriform cortex (APC), likely indicating functionally distinct subregions, while activated cells in posterior piriform cortex (PPC) lack apparent spatial organization. To determine whether these patterns are present during early postnatal life, and whether they change during development, Fos expression was assessed following acute exposure to single aliphatic acid odors in developing rats beginning at postnatal day 3 (P3). In the olfactory bulb, Fos-immunoreactive cells were present in the granule cell, mitral cell and glomerular layers at the earliest ages examined. Cells immunopositive for Fos were clustered in areas previously reported as active in response to these odors. In piriform cortex, activation in layers II/III shared some features with that seen in the adult; in APC, rostro-caudally oriented bands of Fos-positive cells alternated with bands relatively free of label, while labeled cells were found dispersed throughout PPC. However, in P3-P7 animals, Fospositive cells in APC were found in a central rostrocaudally oriented band that was flanked by two bands relatively free of Fos-positive cells. This contrasted with the adult pattern, a central cell-poor band flanked by cell-rich bands, which was observed beginning at P10. These results suggest that subregions of APC visualized by odor-evoked Fos expression are active and functionally distinct shortly after birth. Changes in activity within these subregions during early postnatal development coincide with a shift toward adult-like olfactory learning behavior in the second postnatal week, and may play a role in this behavioral shift.Olfactory information is processed by several higher-order brain areas, including the anterior (APC) and posterior piriform cortex (PPC). In adult animals, acute presentation of odorants evokes activity in cells that are spatially distributed throughout piriform cortex, as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunolabeling for immediate early genes (Illig and Haberly, 2003;Zou et al., 2005). One feature of odor-evoked activity is that the distribution of activated cells appears to have some order in the APC, where activity is concentrated in prominent rostrocaudally-oriented bands. This banding pattern is mirrored by regional differences in cytoarchitectural features and by connectivity patterns, suggesting the presence of subregions within APC (Luskin and Price, 1983;Haberly, 2001;Ekstrand et al., 2001a;Ekstrand et al., 2001b;Illig and Haberly, 2003;Illig, 2005). In PPC, however, activity appears more broadly distributed, without obvious odor-associated patterns, suggesting differences in the organization and function of APC and PPC.The physiological responses of cells in piriform cortex and the maturation of mitral and tufted cell afferent fibers is incomplete until the second week of life or later (Schwob et al., 1984;

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Section: Olfactory Bulbsupporting

confidence: 91%

Developmental changes in odor-evoked activity in rat piriform cortex

Illig

2007

Neuroscience

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“…Previously pERK had been investigated in the olfactory bulb of young rats deprived of odor, an event associated with pERK down regulation, and then exposed to odor. Initial odor exposure strongly elevated pERK in the cytoplasm of mitral cells and both their lateral and apical dendrites, with darker staining in the inner third of the plexiform layer as seen here and distinct staining in the glomeruli (Mirich et al 2004). Granule cells also contained pERK.…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Profiles Of Learning-associated Erk Actsupporting

confidence: 63%

Epac activation initiates associative odor preference memories in the rat pup

et al. 2015

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Here we examine the role of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in b-adrenergic-dependent associative odor preference learning in rat pups. Bulbar Epac agonist (8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP, or 8-pCPT) infusions, paired with odor, initiated preference learning, which was selective for the paired odor. Interestingly, pairing odor with Epac activation produced both short-term (STM) and long-term (LTM) odor preference memories. Training using b-adrenergic-activation paired with odor recruited rapid and transient ERK phosphorylation consistent with a role for Epac activation in normal learning. An ERK antagonist prevented intermediate-term memory (ITM) and LTM, but not STM. Epac agonist infusions induced ERK phosphorylation in the mitral cell layer, in the inner half of the dendritic external plexiform layer, in the glomeruli and, patchily, among granule cells. Increased CREB phosphorylation in the mitral and granule cell layers was also seen. Simultaneous blockade of both ERK and CREB pathways prevented any long-term b-adrenergic activated odor preference memory, while LTM deficits associated with blocking only one pathway were prevented by stronger b-adrenergic activation. These results suggest that Epac and PKA play parallel and independent, as well as likely synergistic, roles in creating cAMP-dependent associative memory in rat pups. They further implicate a novel ERK-independent pathway in the mediation of STM by Epac.

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“…We observed diamine-evoked increases in c-Fos expression and pERK levels in sparse olfactory sensory neurons. ERK phosphorylation and c-Fos expression are induced by neuronal activity, and are widely used reporters for neuron responsiveness, including in the olfactory system (12,13). Olfactory tissue was obtained from zebrafish (n = 102) exposed to diamines or control stimuli and stained using standard immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques.…”

Section: Cadaverine and Other Diamines Activate Sparse Olfactory Sensorymentioning

confidence: 99%

High-affinity olfactory receptor for the death-associated odor cadaverine

Hussain

Saraiva

Ferrero

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

169

234

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Carrion smell is strongly repugnant to humans and triggers distinct innate behaviors in many other species. This smell is mainly carried by two small aliphatic diamines, putrescine and cadaverine, which are generated by bacterial decarboxylation of the basic amino acids ornithine and lysine. Depending on the species, these diamines may also serve as feeding attractants, oviposition attractants, or social cues. Behavioral responses to diamines have not been investigated in zebrafish, a powerful model system for studying vertebrate olfaction. Furthermore, olfactory receptors that detect cadaverine and putrescine have not been identified in any species so far. Here, we show robust olfactory-mediated avoidance behavior of zebrafish to cadaverine and related diamines, and concomitant activation of sparse olfactory sensory neurons by these diamines. The large majority of neurons activated by low concentrations of cadaverine expresses a particular olfactory receptor, trace amineassociated receptor 13c (TAAR13c). Structure-activity analysis indicates TAAR13c to be a general diamine sensor, with pronounced selectivity for odd chains of medium length. This receptor can also be activated by decaying fish extracts, a physiologically relevant source of diamines. The identification of a sensitive zebrafish olfactory receptor for these diamines provides a molecular basis for studying neural circuits connecting sensation, perception, and innate behavior.Danio rerio | aversion | heterologous expression | polyamines C adaverine, putrescine, and other biogenic diamines are strongly repulsive odors to humans, for whom these odors presumably signal bacterial contamination. It may be expected that animal species feeding on carcasses attribute a more positive valence to diamines, and indeed both putrescine and cadaverine have been reported to be feeding attractants for rats (1) as well as goldfish (2). Similarly, insects depositing their eggs in carcasses or other proteineacous materials are attracted by these diamines (3). Beyond signaling danger or food, putrescine and cadaverine also serve as social cues in several vertebrate species, both for marking of territories-for example, in feline species (4)-and for burial of conspecifics (5).Very little is known about the molecular and cellular basis of cadaverine-driven behaviors. Cadaverine and putrescine evoke electrophysiological responses in the olfactory epithelium of two fish species (2, 6) and cadaverine-responsive olfactory sensory neurons and glomeruli have been identified in the mouse (7,8). However, chemosensory receptors that detect cadaverine or related diamines are unknown in any species, and could provide valuable tools to study how the olfactory system mediates innate aversion or attraction.Here, we show that cadaverine is a major product of zebrafish tissue decay, activates a zebrafish olfactory receptor (trace amineassociated receptor 13c, TAAR13c) with high affinity, and elicits a strong, low-threshold, and olfactory-mediated avoidance response in zebrafish. In vivo me...

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Experience‐dependent activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) in the olfactory bulb

Cited by 22 publications

References 82 publications

Developmental changes in odor-evoked activity in rat piriform cortex

Developmental changes in odor-evoked activity in rat piriform cortex

Epac activation initiates associative odor preference memories in the rat pup

High-affinity olfactory receptor for the death-associated odor cadaverine

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