“…First, despite the Japanese government's efforts to promote gender equality and nontraditional gender roles, the gendered division of labor persists in most marriages, and traditional views toward gender roles have prevailed (Raymo, Park, Xie, & Yeung, ; Tsuya et al, ). At the same time, the percentage of young men and women in nonregular or nonstandard employment has surged (Piotrowski, Kalleberg, & Rindfuss, ; Raymo & Shibata, ; Yu, ), and this has made the male‐breadwinner/female‐homemaker model increasingly unattainable for many of the younger cohorts (Cook, ; Yu, ). Thus, understanding the circumstances behind persistent traditionalism has policy implications for Japan.…”