1987
DOI: 10.1177/002224378702400307
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Expectations and Norms in Models of Consumer Satisfaction

Abstract: Disconfirmation models of customer satisfaction employing three alternative standards of performance were compared by using causal modeling. Pre- and post-measures were obtained from subjects in three different use situations. The disconfirmation paradigm is supported. The analysis suggests that best brand norm and product norm are additional standards used for evaluating focal brand performance.

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Cited by 439 publications
(375 citation statements)
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“…Most studies of consumer satisfaction have used models based on different theories such as norm theory (Cadotte et al, 1987), perceived performance theory (Tse and Wilton, 1988), equity theory (Fisk and Young, 1985) or expectation/disconfirmation theory (Oliver, 1997).…”
Section: Perceived Valuementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most studies of consumer satisfaction have used models based on different theories such as norm theory (Cadotte et al, 1987), perceived performance theory (Tse and Wilton, 1988), equity theory (Fisk and Young, 1985) or expectation/disconfirmation theory (Oliver, 1997).…”
Section: Perceived Valuementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even though brand names are important for service companies, the empirical published studies of brand names appear to have focussed on consumer products only and neglected services. Similarly, most research on quality of services has focussed on customer satisfaction and paid little attention to brand reputation (Bitner, 1990;Bolton and Drew, 1991a;1991b;Cadotte et al, 1987;Cronin and Taylor, 1992;Oliver, 1981;Parasuraman et al, 1988;Westbrook and Newman, 1978). If then, as argued in this article, loyalty is also driven by strong brand names, remedies other than quality improvements may also be appropriate.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Customers may thus employ other standards of comparison in forming disconfirmation and satisfaction feelings. Cadotte et al (1987) suggest two different norms customers may use as the "ideal" for comparison. First, the norm might be the typical performance of a particular brand such as the most preferred, the last purchased, the most popular, or other.…”
Section: Product Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, besides the expectancy-disconfirmation model, a number of additional approaches have been developed in an attempt to explain the formation of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction, including equity theory (Fisk and Young 1985;Cadotte et al 1987), attribution theory (Folkes 1984) and experiential-based affective feelings (Westbrook 1987). Equity theory postulates that consumers will analyse the purchase (exchange) process to determine the extent to which it is equitable or fair.…”
Section: Satisfaction Perspectivementioning
confidence: 99%