Expanding the menu for carnivorous plants: Uptake of potassium, iron and manganese by carnivorous pitcher plants

Adlassnig, Wolfram; Steinhäuser, Georg; Peroutka, Marianne; Musilek, Andreas; Sterba, Johannes H.; Lichtscheidl, Irene; Bichler, Max

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.04.006

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nepenthes mirabilis, N. albomarginata, and N. rafflesiana obtained 61.5, 53.8, and 61.8% of nitrogen from prey, respectively; C. follicularis only 26% (Schulze et al 1997, Moran et al 2001). On the other hand, C. follicularis take up much more trace elements like iron, manganese and pottasium in comparison to Sarracenia purpurea and Heliamphora nutans (Adlassnig et al 2009). Because there must be trade-offs, it appears that it is not possible to maximize for photosynthetic and carnivorous function in the same type of leaf (Karagatzides and Ellison 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photosynthetic characterization of Australian pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis

Pavlovič¹

2011

Photosynt.

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Australian carnivorous pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis Labill. produces two types of leaves. During the spring time, the plant produces a foliage type of noncarnivorous leaf called lamina. Later, the second type of leaf is producedcarnivorous pitcher. Using simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence photosynthetic efficiency of these two distinct forms of leaves were compared. In addition stomatal density, an important component of gas exchange, and Chl concentration were also determined. Pitcher trap had lower net photosynthetic rate (P N ) in comparison to noncarnivorous lamina, whereas the rate of respiration (R D ) was not significantly different. This was in accordance with lower stomatal density and Chl concentration in the pitcher trap. On the other hand maximum quantum yield of PSII (F v /F m ) and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (Φ PSII ) was not significantly different. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was significantly higher in the lamina at higher irradiance. These data are in accordance with hypothesis that changing the leaf shape in carnivorous plants to make it a better trap generally makes it less efficient at photosynthesis. However, the pitcher of Cephalotus had much higher P N than it was expected from the data set of the genus Nepenthes. Because it is not possible to optimize for contrasting function such as photosynthesis and carnivory, it is hypothesized that Cephalotus pitchers are less elaborated for carnivorous function than the pitchers of Nepenthes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Photosynthetic characterization of Australian pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis

Pavlovič¹

2011

Photosynt.

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“…Details of the SIMS quantification protocol are reported elsewhere [11]. INAA measurements for total arsenic dose quantification were carried out at the TRIGA Mark II reactor of the Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology, as previously reported [12,13]. Samples were irradiated for 1200 s (neutron flux density approx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of arsenic in high fluence plasma immersion ion implanted silicon: Behavior of the as-implanted surface

Vishwanath

Demenev

Giubertoni

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

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a b s t r a c tHigh fluence (>10 15 ions/cm 2 ) low-energy (<2 keV) plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) of AsH 3 + on (1 0 0) silicon was investigated, with the focus on stability and retention of the dopant. At this dose, a thin (∼3 nm) amorphous layer forms at the surface, which contains about 45% arsenic (As) in a silicon and oxygen matrix. The presence of silicon indicates that the layer is not only a result of deposition, but predominantly ion mixing. High fluence PIII introduces high concentration of arsenic, modifying the stopping power for incoming ions resulting in an increased deposition. When exposed to atmosphere, the arsenic rich layer spontaneously evolves forming arsenolite As 2 O 3 micro-crystals at the surface. The micro-crystal formation was monitored over several months and exhibits typical crystal growth kinetics. At the same time, a continuous growth of native silicon oxide rich in arsenic was observed on the exposed surface, suggesting the presence of oxidation enhancing factors linked to the high arsenic concentration at the surface.

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“…Thirty to 76% of prey‐N is taken up by TCPs (Hanslin and Karlsson 1996, Adamec 1997a, 2002, Butler and Ellison 2007, Butler et al 2008) and over 80% is taken up by the aquatic U. vulgaris (Friday and Quarmby 1994). Similarly, TCPs take up 57–96% of P, K, Mg, and micronutrients from prey (Plummer and Kethley 1964, Adamec 2002, Adlassnig et al 2009). Although comparable quantitative data are lacking for ACPs, we hypothesize that uptake of P, K, and Mg in ACPs should also be very efficient.…”

Section: Traits Of Aquatic and Terrestrial Carnivorous Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological traits of terrestrial and aquatic carnivorous plants: are the costs and benefits the same?

Ellison

Adamec

2011

Oikos

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Identification of tradeoffs among physiological and morphological traits and their use in cost–benefit models and ecological or evolutionary optimization arguments have been hallmarks of ecological analysis for at least 50 years. Carnivorous plants are model systems for studying a wide range of ecophysiological and ecological processes and the application of a cost–benefit model for the evolution of carnivory by plants has provided many novel insights into trait‐based cost–benefit models. Central to the cost–benefit model for the evolution of botanical carnivory is the relationship between nutrients and photosynthesis; of primary interest is how carnivorous plants efficiently obtain scarce nutrients that are supplied primarily in organic form as prey, digest and mineralize them so that they can be readily used, and allocate them to immediate versus future needs. Most carnivorous plants are terrestrial – they are rooted in sandy or peaty wetland soils – and most studies of cost–benefit tradeoffs in carnivorous plants are based on terrestrial carnivorous plants. However approximately 10% of carnivorous plants are unrooted aquatic plants. Here we ask whether the cost–benefit model applies equally well to aquatic carnivorous plants and what general insights into tradeoff models are gained by this comparison. Nutrient limitation is more pronounced in terrestrial carnivorous plants, which also have much lower growth rates and much higher ratios of dark respiration to photosynthetic rates than aquatic carnivorous plants. Phylogenetic constraints on ecophysiological tradeoffs among carnivorous plants remain unexplored. Despite differences in detail, the general cost–benefit framework continues to be of great utility in understanding the evolutionary ecology of carnivorous plants. We provide a research agenda that if implemented would further our understanding of ecophysiological tradeoffs in carnivorous plants and also would provide broader insights into similarities and differences between aquatic and terrestrial plants of all types.

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Expanding the menu for carnivorous plants: Uptake of potassium, iron and manganese by carnivorous pitcher plants

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Photosynthetic characterization of Australian pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis

Photosynthetic characterization of Australian pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis

Evolution of arsenic in high fluence plasma immersion ion implanted silicon: Behavior of the as-implanted surface

Ecophysiological traits of terrestrial and aquatic carnivorous plants: are the costs and benefits the same?

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