Exotic plants from Roman waterlogged sites in London

Willcox, George

doi:10.1016/0305-4403(77)90094-2

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although the earliest records of Panicum in England date from the Romano-British period (Setaria italica has not yet been reported), it is very scarce and so far only found in London and at a few military sites (van der Veen et al, 2008;Wilcox, 1977;Hinton, 1988;Huntley, 1989;Sauer, 2005), but not yet in York (A. Hall and A. Schmidl, pers.…”

Section: Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The ‘Headless Romans’: multi-isotope investigations of an unusual burial ground from Roman Britain

Müldner

Chenery

Eckardt

2011

Journal of Archaeological Science

110

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Section: Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The ‘Headless Romans’: multi-isotope investigations of an unusual burial ground from Roman Britain

Müldner

Chenery

Eckardt

2011

Journal of Archaeological Science

110

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“…Plant remains indicate the introduction of new species, while new vessel types suggest changes in food processing and cookery techniques (Meadows 2002;Cool 2006;Booth 2007). Millet occurs for the first time at several sites in Britain, as do grapes and cherries (Willcox 1977;van der Veen et al 2008). In addition, there were important changes in livestock management and consumption (Albarella et al 2008).…”

Section: Diet and Social Differentiation In Roman Britainmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diet, social differentiation and cultural change in Roman Britain: new isotopic evidence from Gloucestershire

Cheung

Schroeder

Hedges

2011

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This study uses stable isotope analyses (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) of human bone collagen to reconstruct the diet of three Romano-British (first to early fifth century AD) populations from Gloucestershire in South West England. Gloucestershire was an important part of Roman Britain with two major administrative centres at Gloucester (Glevum) and Cirencester (Corinium) and numerous smaller settlements and farmsteads. To investigate potential dietary differences between the rural and urban populations of Roman Gloucestershire, we compared human bone collagen stable isotope values from 32 individuals from urban Gloucester with those of 46 individuals from two rural cemeteries at Horcott Quarry and Cotswold Community, respectively. Seven individuals from urban Gloucester were buried in a mass grave; all others were buried in single inhumations. Results show small but significant differences in stable isotope ratios between the urban and rural populations which indicate that the urban population might have consumed slightly more marine and/or freshwater resources than the people living in the rural communities. We interpret this difference as a direct reflection of Rome's influence on Gloucester's population and the town's economic status. Subtle differences in stable isotope ratios were also observed at the site level, as burial practice does correlate with diet in some cases. Overall, the results from this study demonstrate that diet, as reconstructed through stable isotope analysis, is a very sensitive, if settlementspecific, indicator of social differentiation and culture change.

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“…There is archaeological evidence, mostly from carbonized seeds, that C. sativa has been grown or gathered since the late Bronze and Iron Ages and later under the Roman Empire in regions around the North Sea, along the Rhine, in eastern Europe, and at various Roman sites, including England (Plessers et al 1962;Willcox 1977;Kno¨rzer 1978;Hjelmqvist 1979;Hanelt et al 1982;Henriksen and Robinson 1996). Camelina sativa continued to be cultivated sporadically in Europe in mediaeval times, and some believe that C. alyssum and C. microcarpa evolved from it (Kno¨rzer 1978).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.; C. microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.; C. sativa (L.) Crantz.

Francis¹,

Warwick²

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) The most common of the three species in North America, C. microcarpa, arrived in the late 19th century, and subsequently appeared at numerous crop and uncultivated sites across the country, probably in cargo as the railways expanded. Camelina alyssum appeared in the early 20th century at restricted sites on the prairies, mostly in Saskatchewan. All three species have diminished in importance as crop weeds in western Canada over the past few decades. This reduction could be related to increased weed control by herbicides. Herbicide-resistant biotypes have recently been reported in C. microcarpa. Camelina sativa has attracted renewed interest as an oil crop, because of an adaptation to various climatic conditions, low nutrient requirements and resistance to disease and pests. In Europe, where it is now widely grown, it has shown considerable potential in the food, animal feed, nutraceutical, paint, dye, cosmetic and biofuel industries. In North America, it is being grown on a trial basis mainly for its potential as a biofuel in Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Maritime Provinces, and the northern United States of America. Cet article dresse le bilan de l'information connue sur la biologie de trois adventices du groupe des crucife`res : Camelina alyssum, C. microcarpa et C. sativa. Camelina sativa qu'on utilise ou cultive pour son huile depuis plusieurs sie`cles en Europe, a e´te´la premie`re a`atteindre l'Ame´rique du Nord comme mauvaise herbe, vers le milieu du XIX e sie`cle. Elle s'est ensuite e´tendue peu a`peu aux Prairies, surtout dans les cultures, pour parvenir en Colombie-Britannique et jusque dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. C. microcarpa, la plus commune des trois espe`ces en sol nord-ame´ricain, a e´te´introduite vers la fin du XIX e sie`cle avant d'apparaıˆtre dans de multiples cultures et terrains incultes du continent, sans doute avec l'expansion du transport des marchandises et du trafic ferroviaire. Camelina alyssum est survenue au de´but du XX e sie`cle a`quelques endroits des Prairies, principalement en Saskatchewan. Les trois espe`ces ont perdu de l'importance en tant que mauvaises herbes dans l'ouest du Canada ces dernie`res de´cennies. On le doit peut-eˆtre a`l'usage accru des herbicides pour lutter contre les adventices. Des biotypes re´sistants aux herbicides ont re´cemment e´te´signale´s pour C. microcarpa. Camelina sativa a suscite´un regain d'inte´reˆt comme ole´agineux, en raison de sa facilite´d'adaptation aux conditions climatiques, de ses faibles exigences nutritives et de sa re´sistance a`la maladie et aux ravageurs. En Europe, ou`on la cultive couramment, cette plante pre´sente un potentiel conside´rable comme culture vivrie`re ou fourrage`re, comme nutraceutique, ainsi que pour les industries de la peinture, des colorants, des cosme´tiques et des biocarburants. En Ame´rique du Nord, on la cultive expe´rimentalement en Alberta, en Saskatchewan, dans les Maritimes et dans le nord des É .-U., principalement en raison de son u...

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Exotic plants from Roman waterlogged sites in London

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

The ‘Headless Romans’: multi-isotope investigations of an unusual burial ground from Roman Britain

The ‘Headless Romans’: multi-isotope investigations of an unusual burial ground from Roman Britain

Diet, social differentiation and cultural change in Roman Britain: new isotopic evidence from Gloucestershire

The biology of Canadian weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.; C. microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.; C. sativa (L.) Crantz.

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